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Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment of Vegetable Disease at Seedling Stage
As temperatures gradually rise, various vegetables start to sprout seedlings, and seedling diseases remain a common issue each year. This spring, the author urges farmers to pay close attention to the problem of seedling diseases. The key principle in managing these diseases is prevention, with integrated strategies combining both preventive and curative measures. Poor management of seeds or seedbeds can easily lead to issues like damping-off, root rot, and seedling blight. Therefore, it's crucial to implement proper seed and seedbed management before planting.
When selecting a seedbed, choose high ground with well-drained, fertile, and loose soil—preferably unused land. If an old seedbed is reused, the soil must be sun-dried and disinfected before sowing. Typically, the bed soil should be loosened 2–3 weeks prior to planting. Apply 40% formaldehyde (formalin) at a rate of 50 ml per 2–4 kg of water per square meter. Spray the solution onto the soil, cover it with plastic film, and let it fumigate for 4–5 days. After removing the plastic, loosen the soil and allow it to dry for about 15 days. Once the chemical has fully evaporated, the area is ready for sowing. Alternatively, mix 50% carbendazim wettable powder (8–10 g) with 10–15 kg of dry fine soil, spread one-third of the treated soil into the seedbed, and sprinkle the rest over the seeds to create a protective layer around them. Keep the topsoil moist but not overly wet.
Before sowing, soaking seeds in warm water or pesticide solutions can help eliminate surface bacteria and reduce the risk of seedling diseases. The temperature and duration vary depending on the vegetable type. For example, cucumber seeds are soaked in 50°C water for 20 minutes, tomato seeds in 52°C water for 30 minutes, eggplant seeds in 53°C–55°C water for 15 minutes or 50°C water for 30 minutes, and pepper seeds in 55°C water for 10 minutes. Another option is to mix 50% carbendazim WP with 3–5 times the volume of fine soil for seed coating, or soak seeds in a 500-fold dilution of carbendazim for 10 minutes, then rinse thoroughly before sowing.
The main causes of seedling diseases such as damping-off, blight, and root failure include low seedbed temperatures, high humidity, and poor air circulation. To address this, focus on maintaining warmth, ensuring good ventilation, and keeping the soil loose to reduce moisture levels. Maintain an optimal temperature in the seedbed, provide adequate light, and promote strong seedling growth.
Once a few diseased seedlings appear, remove them immediately and apply appropriate treatments. You can spray or drench the seedbed with a 75% chlorothalonil WP diluted 600 times to prevent damping-off. Use a 50% thiram solution diluted 800–1000 times to spray or irrigate the roots and prevent blight. Alternatively, use 70% mancozeb WP diluted 500 times or 50% carbendazim WP diluted 600 times for spraying and control. After application, you can sprinkle a small amount of wood ash or dry soil to further reduce humidity and improve conditions.