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Sansevieria (Figure)
The tiger-tailed orchid, also known as tiger Pilan or Jinlan, is a member of the agave family and belongs to the genus Hibiscus. It includes varieties such as Phyllostachys punctata, Phalaenopsis philoxeroides, and silver-veined tiger-tailed orchids. This plant has underground stems without branches, with leaves clustered at the base. The lower leaves are tubular, while the middle and upper ones are flat, and the flag leaf stands upright. The plant typically grows between 50 cm to 70 cm tall, with leaves 3 cm to 5 cm wide. The leaves are entire, with a milky surface that displays pale yellow, dark green, and white horizontal stripes. The leaves of Phnom Penh Sansevieria are golden yellow, about 1 cm to 1.6 cm wide. The silver-spotted tiger-tailed variety features longitudinal silver-white stripes on its surface. When well-cared for, the whole plant can reach up to 1.2 meters in height.
Flowers emerge from the rhizome, forming racemes with white or light green blooms, usually in clusters of 3 to 5. These flowers appear along the inflorescence axis. Native to western Africa, Sansevieria is drought-resistant, thrives in warm sunlight, and can tolerate shade. However, it should be protected from direct sunburn and grows best in well-drained sandy loam soil. During spring and summer, it grows rapidly, and applying organic liquid fertilizer is recommended. In late autumn and winter, the soil should be kept slightly dry. Sansevieria is not cold-tolerant; it should be brought indoors when temperatures drop below 18°C. It continues to grow during winter without entering dormancy, and can flower between January and February. As long as the temperature remains above 10°C, it can survive the winter safely.
During the growing season, it’s not suitable to keep it in constant shade or under intense sunlight for long periods. Otherwise, the leaf edges may turn yellow, become narrow, and lose color. The growing point of the flag leaf may curl and close, turning dark brown during dormancy. Some growers mistakenly believe this is due to dryness and cut it off, which stops further growth. The rhizomes of Sansevieria chinensis grow quickly if cultivated carefully. Each year, new leaves form and develop into mature plants. Typically, it takes two to three years before the plant needs repotting.
In early spring, the entire plant is removed from the pot, old soil is discarded, and fresh nutrient soil mixed with coarse sand and compost is used. For propagation by division, the soil around the stem roots is gently removed to expose the thick rhizomes. The upper part of the rhizome is then cut with a knife. When using ramets, the growing leaves are separated and cut into individual plants. Since each plant produces only one leaf per year, transplanted leaves recover slowly and have poor ornamental value. Additionally, there may be funnel-shaped leaf clusters on the rhizomes, and excessive division can damage the shoots.
After transplanting, avoid watering immediately. After a week, water lightly along the sides of the pot. Water should not touch the wound areas, as they are prone to rot. Cuttings are best done in summer. Select old leaves over one year old, cut them into 5 cm pieces, and allow them to air-dry in a ventilated area for two days. Once the wounds are slightly dry, insert them into sandy loam soil, burying them about one-third deep. Maintain a warm and shaded environment, and mist regularly to keep the soil moist. Rooting typically occurs within 30 days at temperatures between 20°C and 30°C, and new young leaves will appear after more than 50 days.
In cutting propagation, the Phalaenopsis orchid may revert to its ancestral traits, losing its unique characteristics. To preserve the quality of superior varieties, propagation through ramets is recommended.