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White mouth seed disease prevention and control technology
The white-blade seedlings are well-suited for high-density farming. However, due to the high seed density, they are highly susceptible to diseases. If not managed promptly, these diseases can lead to significant losses. Common ailments include trichodiasis, bacterial infections, and cysticercosis. After three years of research and on-the-job practice, we have gained considerable experience in disease prevention and control for Alice’s head. Below is a summary of our findings and methods.
Trichodiosis symptoms: In mild cases, infected Fish may show no visible signs. However, in severe infections, fry and fingerlings exhibit sluggish movement, reduced feeding, and tend to swim near the shore in shallow waters, showing a “race horse†behavior. Microscopic examination reveals swollen and congested gills, with dirt and mucus covering the body and gill filaments.
Prevention and treatment: Based on weather conditions and water quality, when the weather is clear and the pond is rich in nutrients, apply 0.7–0.9 grams of copper sulfate per cubic meter of water. On cloudy days or when the water is thin, use 0.5 grams of copper sulfate ferrous sulfate solution per cubic meter. In the evening, perform a microscopic check. If no parasites are found, stop the treatment. Otherwise, apply 0.2–0.4 grams of copper sulfate ferrous sulfate solution per cubic meter the next day for at least three times.
Intestinal symptoms: Infected fish often isolate themselves, move slowly, appear dark in color, and eat less. In early stages, their intestines may be empty or filled with mucus, while later stages show anal swelling, abdominal congestion, and pale yellow mucus without food.
Prevention: Mix norfloxacin into the feed at 0.5% concentration and add salt (0.5%) to the fish paste. Feed for 3 days for mild cases, and up to 7 days for severe infections.
Bacterial disease symptoms: Affected fish become dark in color, swim sluggishly, lose appetite, and often float alone. Fins and gills become inflamed, with excessive mucus and swelling. The intestines may be empty or covered in mucus.
Prevention: Use 0.3 grams of povidone iodine per cubic meter of water. For severe cases, continue for 3 days. At the same time, mix norfloxacin into the feed and feed it for 5–7 days.
Cysticercosis symptoms: Mild infestations may show no symptoms. When heavily infected, fish swim slowly near the shore, eat less, and show mucus buildup on the gills. A microscopic examination of the gill mucus reveals numerous cysts.
Prevention: After stopping medication, apply 0.4 grams of crystal trichlorfon per cubic meter of water. Monitor the fish closely after treatment, and if abnormalities occur, activate the aerator. Change one-third of the water after 24 hours.
Minamata disease symptoms: This condition causes blisters on the skin, which can be serious for the fish industry. It often affects more than ten fry at night, though dead fish are rarely observed. Some fish may display red skin lesions or incomplete caudal fins.
Prevention: Use quicklime to clean the pond and apply it along the edges. If leeches are present, treat the area within 1 meter of the pond edge with 0.3 grams of crystal trichlorfon per cubic meter of water.
By following these practices, farmers can significantly reduce disease outbreaks and improve the survival rate of white-blade seedlings. Regular monitoring, timely treatment, and proper management are essential for successful aquaculture.