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Poor suction pumping maintenance
Pumps play a crucial role in irrigation and drainage systems during the spring and summer planting seasons. As the core component of these systems, water pumps are essential for moving water efficiently. However, due to continuous operation, it's common for pumps to experience failures or damage, which can lead to reduced performance or complete shutdown. Therefore, regular maintenance, repair, and adjustment of faulty pumps are necessary to ensure their proper functioning.
One common issue is that the pump fails to draw in or discharge water. This may be caused by a stuck foot valve, a clogged filter, excessive suction height, or air leakage in the suction line. It could also result from incorrect rotation direction or blockage within the impeller’s flow channels. To resolve this, you should check each potential cause individually and take appropriate actions such as repairing the foot valve, clearing obstructions, correcting the rotation direction, or cleaning the impeller.
Another frequent problem is pipe leakage. This often occurs when the nuts are not tightened properly during installation. For minor leaks, you can apply cement or a mixture of cement and asphalt oil to seal the area temporarily. Alternatively, wet mud or soft soap can also be used as a quick fix. If the leak is at a joint, simply tightening the nut with a wrench may suffice. However, if the leak is severe, the pipe must be disassembled and repaired or replaced.
Overheating of the packing is another common issue. This usually happens when the packing is too tight, preventing cooling water from reaching it, or when the shaft surface is damaged. To address this, loosen the packing slightly, clear any blockages, and replace worn-out packing with new ones. Before installation, the packing should be soaked in oil to improve sealing. Each ring should be installed one by one with staggered cuts to minimize leakage. After installing the last ring, the gland must be tightened and adjusted after the pump is running.
Excessive vibration in the pump can be caused by an unbalanced motor rotor, poor coupling alignment, worn or bent bearings, loose or broken rotating parts, or an unstable pipe support system. In such cases, adjustments, repairs, reinforcements, straightening, or replacements may be required to restore normal operation.
When the impeller is damaged—whether due to blade wear, cavitation, or other factors—it should be inspected and repaired or replaced. If the impeller has many pits on its surface, it may need to be replaced or coated with carbide. In cases of minor wear, it can still be used after casting. To remove the impeller, first secure the impeller and pump shaft, then loosen the nut or transmission device. Rotate the ejector pin screw gradually to pull out the transmission, followed by removing the shaft and impeller for repair.
Shaft defects, such as bending, are often caused by shock loads, over-tightened belts, or improper installation. If the bend is not severe, a manual screw jack can be used to correct it, but care must be taken not to apply too much force. If the shaft cracks or breaks, welding, forging, or replacement may be necessary, followed by heat treatment, turning, and grinding to restore its integrity.