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August Field Management Points for Vegetables
In August, with persistently high temperatures, intense sunlight, occasional drizzle, and heavy rains, the management of vegetable fields required extra attention. It was crucial to focus on drought resistance, flood prevention, fertilization, weeding, flowering control, fruit preservation, and pest management. Each crop had its specific needs depending on its growth stage and local conditions.
For tomatoes, it was important to carefully manage water and fertilizer during the early stages. After fruit set, timely fertilization was essential to prevent diseases like early blight, gray mold, viral infections, aphids, and bollworms.
Chili peppers grown in early spring for continuous harvest needed careful watering and fertilization to maintain soil moisture and prevent tobacco pests. Autumn chili peppers required special attention to viral disease prevention. Seedlings should be shaded and regularly checked for proper top dressing and watering to avoid water stress.
Eggplants that were replanted required consistent moisture and strong management of Verticillium wilt, gray mold, and brown spot disease. For autumn or late autumn eggplants, fertilization should begin about 10 days after planting, with irrigation during dry periods and drainage after heavy rain.
After the cucumber harvest, the focus shifted to pest control. When the plants had 2–3 true leaves, downy mildew spray was applied every seven days. At 3–4 true leaves, spraying with 40% ethephon at 100 mg/L twice, every two days, helped promote growth.
For autumn zucchini, preventing viral diseases was key. Aphid control was especially important during the early growth stage. After storms, drainage should be ensured, and water should be filled if necessary. After intensive cultivation, watering, and rainfall, the soil should be loosened promptly.
Autumn squash was pruned from late July to early September, leaving 1–2 strong buds at the base. A 30% diluted human urine solution was applied, and the soil was kept moist.
Melons in the mid-growth period benefited from drought-resistant practices, with 30% decomposed manure used as a top dressing. Irrigation was done via ditches, avoiding flooding. The surface should remain slightly wet. Shade nets or grass mats were used to protect melons from sun and pests.
During hot and dry periods, "dark water" methods were used for melons. After rain, drainage channels should be cleared immediately, especially after heavy rain. Well water or deep river water was preferred to avoid washing away nutrients. Soil cultivation was necessary after top dressing, watering, or heavy rain, along with regular pest and disease monitoring.
Before flowering, kidney beans required frequent soil cultivation to keep the soil moist. After pod harvesting, each harvest cycle should be followed by 2–3 applications of fertilizer. Main vines should be topped, and yellowing lower leaves removed to prevent rust.
Summer cabbage and early autumn Chinese cabbage needed close attention to pests like soft rot and cutworms. Pre-planting watering and timely seedling care were important. During the rosette stage, regular watering kept the soil moist. Water management was crucial when the head started forming.
Early autumn radishes required consistent soil moisture. Timely watering and strict pest control were essential. After germination, 2.5 kg of trichlorfon powder per 667 square meters was applied, and 3.5 kg was sprayed to control flea beetles. After leaf spraying, 40% dimethoate at 1000 times dilution controlled locusts, while 90% trichlorfon and 80% EDFO were used for other pests and downy mildew.
Celery needed shade nets or straw curtains to reduce heat stress. Regular top dressing and watering were necessary to maintain soil moisture. Aphids, soft rot, and leaf spot diseases required prompt control.
Overall, August demanded a balanced approach to water, fertilizer, and pest management, tailored to each vegetable’s unique needs to ensure healthy growth and a successful harvest.