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August Field Management Points for Vegetables
In August, due to persistent high temperatures, intense sunlight, drizzly weather, and heavy rains, the management of vegetable fields became especially critical. Farmers needed to pay close attention to drought resistance, flood control, fertilization, weeding, flowering, fruit retention, and pest management. Each crop required tailored care to ensure healthy growth and high yields.
For tomatoes, it was important to regulate fertilizer and water use early on. Once the fruits started setting, timely fertilization was essential to prevent diseases like early blight, gray mold, and viral infections, as well as pests such as aphids and bollworms.
Chili peppers grown in early spring for continuous harvest required careful water and fertilizer management to maintain soil moisture. Special attention should be given to tobacco thrips. For autumn chili peppers, the focus was on preventing viral diseases and outbreaks. Seedlings needed proper shading, regular top dressing, and consistent watering to avoid stress.
Eggplants that were replanted required strict water and fertilizer control to keep the soil consistently moist. Diseases like Verticillium wilt and brown spot needed active monitoring. For autumn or late autumn eggplants, after about 10 days of planting, additional fertilization was necessary, with irrigation during dry periods and immediate drainage after heavy rain.
After the fall of cucumber plants, the focus shifted to pest control. When the plants had 2-3 true leaves, a fungicide for downy mildew should be sprayed every seven days. At 3-4 true leaves, spraying 40% ethephon at 100 mg per liter twice every two days helped promote fruiting.
Autumn zucchini cultivation focused on preventing viral diseases. Early on, controlling aphids was crucial. After storms, drainage should be maintained, and water levels kept under control. After intensive watering, top dressing, or heavy rain, the soil should be cultivated regularly to improve aeration and root health.
From late July to early September, autumn squash vines were cut back, leaving 1-2 strong buds at the base. A diluted solution of 30% decomposed human urine was applied, and the soil was kept moist to support new growth.
Melons in the middle growth stage benefited from drought-resistant practices. Using 30% decomposed manure for top dressing helped maintain soil fertility. Irrigation should be done through ditches, not flooding, to keep the surface slightly wet. Shade nets or grass mats were used to protect melons from sunburn, erosion, and insect damage.
During hot and dry periods, melons were watered using the "dark water" method, where water is applied directly to the roots without wetting the foliage. After rain, drainage channels needed to be cleared promptly, especially after heavy rain. It was best to use well water or deep river water to avoid washing away nutrients or damaging leaves. After top dressing or heavy rain, the soil should be cultivated immediately to prevent compaction and promote healthy growth. Pests and diseases also required constant monitoring and timely intervention.
Before flowering, kidney beans required regular cultivation to keep the soil loose and moist. After harvesting pods, the soil should remain moist, and each harvest should be followed by a dose of organic fertilizer. Timely pruning of main vines and removal of yellow, old leaves helped prevent rust and other diseases.
Summer cabbages and early autumn Chinese cabbages were prone to pests like soft rot and armyworms. Before planting, seedlings should be watered properly to avoid stress. During the rosette stage, frequent watering was needed to keep the soil moist. As the head began to form, maintaining a balance between water and drought was key to healthy development.
Early autumn radishes needed consistent moisture throughout their growth cycle. Timely watering was essential, and special attention was given to pest and disease prevention. After germination, 2.5 kg of trichlorfon powder per 667 square meters was applied, and 3.5 kg was sprayed to control flea beetles. After leaf spraying, 40% dimethoate diluted 1000 times was used to manage locusts. Other pests and downy mildew were controlled using 90% trichlorfon at 800 times and 80% EDFO at 400 times.
Celery required shade nets or straw curtains to protect against excessive heat. Regular top dressing and watering were necessary to maintain soil moisture. Aphids, soft rot, and leaf spot diseases needed prompt attention to avoid serious damage.
Overall, August brought a variety of challenges for vegetable growers, requiring a combination of careful planning, timely interventions, and ongoing monitoring to ensure a successful harvest.