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Four ways to raise the summer silkworm
The summer silkworm rearing period refers to the time between the start of summer and the beginning of autumn. This season is characterized by high temperatures, humidity, and intense heat, which can often exceed the optimal conditions for silkworm growth and development. Under such conditions, the activity of enzymes in silkworms may be impaired, leading to metabolic disorders that can result in disease outbreaks. Therefore, proper management during this period is crucial for successful silkworm rearing. Here are some key technical measures that should be followed:
First, effective disinfection and disease prevention are essential. Silkworm diseases pose a major threat to sericulture, especially during hot and humid weather. If sanitation is neglected, diseases can spread rapidly and become difficult to control. To prevent this, it is recommended to use a 1% bleach solution or a mixture of 2% formalin and 0.5% lime water for disinfecting the rearing area before each batch of silkworms. Maintaining clean surroundings is also important—silkworm droppings should be regularly removed and disposed of properly, away from the silkworm house. Diseased or weak silkworms must be promptly removed and buried deep underground. Additionally, strict hygiene practices such as handwashing, changing shoes, and using separate tools for different batches should be strictly enforced.
Second, careful planning of silkworm rearing batches is necessary. During summer, mulberry leaves grow abundantly, making it possible to rear multiple batches. However, the number of silkworms should be adjusted according to the availability of fresh leaves. It is common to arrange a "rest period" every 15 days, allowing sufficient time for sterilization and ensuring that silkworms have access to high-quality mulberry leaves, which promotes healthy growth.
Third, meticulous care and management are vital. When raising summer silkworms, it is important to select silkworm eggs that are suitable for high-temperature conditions. The rearing process should be divided into large, medium, and small stages, with appropriate feeding based on the age of the silkworms. Mulberry leaves should be harvested twice daily—in the early morning and late evening—to avoid exposure to high temperatures and direct sunlight. When harvesting, only clean, fresh leaves should be picked, and any damaged or yellowed leaves should be discarded. The leaves should be loosely packed and transported quickly to maintain freshness. In hot weather, they should be misted with water and covered to retain moisture. On rainy days, the leaves should be dried promptly to prevent mold.
Fourth, controlling temperature and humidity is critical. Proper ventilation is essential to prevent dampness and reduce the risk of disease caused by high temperatures and humidity. Shade structures such as silk nets or green curtains can be installed around the silkworm houses, especially on the western side, to block direct sunlight. Opening windows on the north and south sides can improve air circulation. For farmers with the means, electric fans can be used to create airflow and help cool the environment, ensuring a more comfortable and healthy space for the silkworms.