Antioxidants are a class of chemical substances that can delay or prevent oxidation reactions and can effectively protect ingredients in cosmetics from oxidative damage. Oxidation is a chemical reaction caused by free radicals, which can lead to quality changes, color changes, odor changes and even spoilage of ingredients in cosmetics. The role of antioxidants is to maintain the stability and quality of cosmetics by trapping free radicals and inhibiting the occurrence of oxidative reactions.
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What antioxidant ingredients are included in cosmetics?
In cosmetics, antioxidants are often added to products such as skincare, sunscreen, and anti-aging products to slow down the oxidation process and maintain their stability and effectiveness. Antioxidants can also provide additional skin care benefits such as anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and blemish reduction. However, antioxidants need to be used with caution and overuse may lead to irritation or allergic reactions. Therefore, when using antioxidants in cosmetics, the amount of antioxidants used needs to be rationally selected and controlled according to the formulation of the product and the purpose of use.
Fish farming techniques
In Chixi Street, Lanxi City, an aquaculture farmer reached out for expert advice. He was eager to learn about the behavior of different fish species and how to apply effective fish farming techniques in his pond.
To help him understand better, we first introduced the role of carp. These bottom-dwelling fish act as natural "cleaners" by feeding on leftover bait and organic matter at the pond's bottom. This helps reduce the accumulation of waste, which in turn lowers the risk of disease among other fish.
Next, we discussed the black carp, silver carp, and grass carp, known as "pioneers" in water purification. These fish are aggressive and consume a lot of wild fish and shrimp. By introducing them in controlled numbers, farmers can manage the population of unwanted species, reducing competition for food and improving overall productivity through natural feed.
The tilapia and black quail primarily feed on live fish and shrimp, while also consuming dead organisms like fish carcasses and viscera. They play an important role in keeping the water clean by removing organic waste.
White mullet, often referred to as "water filters," help maintain water quality by feeding on plankton and other natural resources. Their presence can also signal low oxygen levels when they start floating near the surface, prompting farmers to take immediate aeration measures.
Grass carp, black carp, and snails are considered "hygiene workers" in the pond. When there's an overgrowth of aquatic plants or weeds, these fish can be introduced to naturally control vegetation and improve the farming environment. They also contribute to fish production by eating algae and plant debris.
Herring, known as "fish divers," inhabit the lower layers of the water and feed on insect larvae, snails, and small crustaceans. Farmers can set up specific areas with snails and clams to attract herring and enhance their growth.
Tilapia, often called the "fish killer" and "guardian," is highly beneficial in aquaculture. It consumes aquatic plants, algae, and organic detritus, helping to maintain clean water. Tilapia also digs into the substrate, which helps aerate the pond floor. Additionally, it preys on smaller fish and parasites, reducing the risk of disease among the main fish stock.
Moreover, tilapia are easily startled, which makes them good at scaring away predators like water rats that might otherwise steal fish from the pond.
By understanding the roles of different fish species, farmers can create a more balanced and efficient aquaculture system, leading to healthier fish and higher yields.