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Transplanting Cotton Seedlings and Countermeasures
Cotton seedlings can suffer from various types of stunting, each with distinct causes and symptoms. The first type is waterlogged seedlings, which commonly occur in low-lying cotton fields after prolonged rainy weather. This leads to root discoloration, yellowing or darkening of leaves, and slow growth due to poor aeration. The second type is drought-stressed seedlings, characterized by dry, yellow leaves, reduced new root development, and red stems. The third is fertilizer burn, often caused by applying basal fertilizer too close to the roots, resulting in thickened or damaged roots, discolored leaves, and physiological stress. The fourth type is weak seedlings, typically due to poor seedling preparation, improper transplanting depth, or compacted soil, leading to small, weak plants with stunted growth. Lastly, diseases and pests like bacterial blight, aphids, or thrips can cause curled, yellow leaves, short internodes, and overall stunted growth.
To manage these issues, it's essential to identify the root cause first. For waterlogged areas, drainage should be improved by deepening ditches and lowering the groundwater level below 60 cm. Cultivating the soil after rain helps warm the ground and improve oxygen flow. For drought-stressed seedlings, timely irrigation using methods like inter-irrigation or water diversion can prevent further damage. In cases of fertilizer burn, applying trace elements like zinc or iron through foliar sprays can help restore plant health. Proper planting techniques, such as precise transplanting and well-prepared soil, are crucial for preventing weak seedlings. Soil cultivation after transplanting encourages better root development and nutrient uptake.
In cases of disease or pest infestation, targeted treatments based on field observations are necessary. Foliar sprays of phosphoric acid and potassium solutions, along with careful fertilization, can help revive weak seedlings. Applying urea in small amounts and supplementing with organic manure ensures steady growth. By addressing these challenges promptly and systematically, farmers can create a strong foundation for healthy cotton crops, leading to better yields and quality.