Patio tomato management points

1. Temperature Management: In the first week after transplanting, tomato seedlings should not be ventilated to maintain warmth and promote recovery. If the temperature inside the greenhouse exceeds 30°C, immediate ventilation is necessary. Once the seedlings have established, keep daytime temperatures between 25°C and 28°C, and nighttime temperatures around 15°C. On sunny afternoons, ventilate between the rows in the greenhouse to prevent overheating. By early May, remove the plastic film to allow for better air circulation.

2. Fertilization and Watering: Nitrogen fertilizer should be used carefully to avoid excessive growth. Apply top dressing 3 to 4 times during the growing season. For tomatoes without mulch, apply fertilizer directly to the soil. For those with mulch, make deep furrows before applying. The first application should occur during the early fruit enlargement stage, using 10 kg of compound fertilizer or 5 kg of urea, along with 25 kg of superphosphate and a small amount of compost. The second application should take place during the second to third fruit development stages, using 30 kg of compound fertilizer. The third application is recommended when the fourth or fifth clusters are developing, using 3–5 kg of compound fertilizer. If the plants produce many fruits and show signs of nutrient deficiency, increase both the frequency and amount of fertilization. Watering should be based on soil moisture and plant needs, typically every 7–10 days. Increase water volume during the fruiting stage, using furrow irrigation under the plastic cover. After rain, ensure proper drainage to avoid root rot.

3. Pruning and Topping: Indeterminate tomato varieties can be trained to grow with one or two main stems, while determinate types should retain one lateral branch below the first flower cluster. Remove any side shoots below this branch and manage the main stem regularly, preserving only effective branches. From late May to early June, prune the leaves above the last flower cluster, leaving two leaves at the tip to promote fruit ripening.

4. Flower Protection: Due to low temperatures in early spring, tomato flowers may not set properly. Use plant hormones like 2,4-D (15–25 ppm) to improve fruit set and reduce blossom drop. This helps enhance early yields. As temperatures rise in mid to late April, spray anti-drop agents at 30–40 ppm to further improve fruit setting rates.

5. Early Ripening: When the early fruits reach full size and turn from green to beige, apply ethephon at 3000–4000 ppm to accelerate ripening. This treatment can help bring the harvest forward by 5–7 days.

6. Pest and Disease Control: Common diseases include early blight, late blight, leaf mold, viral disease, and bacterial wilt. For early blight and late blight, use 75% chlorothalonil diluted 600–800 times or 80% mancozeb at 700–800 times. For viral diseases, apply 20% virus A or 15% ribavirin at 500 times, repeating 2–3 times. Bacterial wilt can be controlled with 100–200 ppm streptomycin. Spray these solutions once every 7–10 days after planting, for 3–4 times. If symptoms appear, spray 2–3 more times. Rotate crops, remove infected plants, and maintain good ventilation and light exposure to reduce humidity and boost plant resistance. Common pests like aphids and bollworms should be monitored closely. For aphids, use 25% cypermethrin at 1500 times or 20% imidacloprid at 2500 times. For bollworms, apply 50% chlorpyrifos at 1000–1500 times.

7. Timely Harvesting: Harvest mature tomatoes in batches to reduce plant stress, improve fruit quality, and encourage further fruit development. After the final harvest, clear the field promptly, removing dead leaves to minimize disease carryover and ensure a safe environment for future crops.

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