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Feeding management during fox pregnancy
During the gestation period, the fox experiences one of the most nutritionally demanding phases in its annual biological cycle. Proper feeding is crucial to support both the mother and the developing kits. The diet should consist of high-quality, easily digestible, fresh, and clean feed. It’s also important to diversify the feed mix to ensure a balanced intake of essential amino acids. For silver-black foxes, the recommended energy level is 418 kJ (100 kcal) of metabolizable energy, with at least 10 grams of digestible protein per day. Arctic foxes have slightly higher requirements, typically around 418 kJ (100 kcal) of metabolizable energy and 11 grams of digestible protein. Additionally, vitamin E should be provided at a rate of 15 mg per day to support fetal development and maternal health.
In terms of management, it's essential to provide constant access to clean drinking water for all foxes. Water bowls and feeding dishes should be washed daily and disinfected 1–2 times a week to prevent disease transmission. To protect the pregnant females from cold drafts, which can lead to illness, straw or soft bedding should be placed inside the nesting boxes. Breeders should monitor the behavior of each fox daily, looking for signs of illness or reduced appetite. Sick animals should be treated promptly to avoid complications that could harm the pregnancy.
If any signs of abortion are observed, such as restlessness or vaginal discharge, an injection of 20–30 mg of progesterone should be administered intramuscularly to help maintain the pregnancy. Preparations for whelping should begin early. Each nest box should be labeled with the expected birth date, calculated from the first mating date. The nesting area should be cleaned and disinfected 5–10 days before the due date. As the due date approaches, breeders should closely monitor the pregnant fox for signs of labor, such as pulling out fur around the mammary glands or showing signs of discomfort. At the same time, cage maintenance is critical to prevent escapes and ensure the safety of both the mother and her kits.