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Strawberry wants high-yielding key buckle
Greenhouse strawberry cultivation requires careful management, especially during the shedding period. Typically, this is done when daytime temperatures are below 15°C. In regions like Shandong and Henan, the optimal time for covering the greenhouse is from late November to mid-December. Proper management during this stage is crucial for ensuring high-quality and high-yield strawberries.
First, temperature control is essential. The ideal growth temperature for strawberries ranges between 18°C and 26°C. Temperatures above 30°C or below 5°C can negatively affect plant development. To maintain these conditions, greenhouses should be covered with plastic films and additional small sheds. During the day, the temperature should be kept around 25°C to 28°C, while at night it should not drop below 5°C, with a minimum of 0°C. If temperatures exceed 32°C, ventilation is necessary to cool the environment. The relative humidity should be maintained between 70% and 80%. Temperature settings vary depending on the growth stage: before budding, daytime temperatures should be 25°C to 30°C, and nighttime around 15°C. During budding and flowering, keep daytime temperatures between 22°C and 28°C, and nighttime around 10°C. After flowering, the temperature should be reduced to 20°C to 25°C during the day and 5°C at night. When fruits are developing, maintain daytime temperatures between 15°C and 20°C, with nighttime temperatures above 3°C.
Second, proper fertilization is key. Since greenhouse strawberries have a long fruiting period, it's important to apply fertilizer rationally based on the initial base fertilizer. Topdressing should follow the principle of "small amounts, frequent applications." From the time of covering the greenhouse until the bud stage, fertilize every 10 days. Apply about 10 kg of urea per mu, and 5–8 kg each of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. In the middle and later stages, use organic foliar fertilizers such as multi-element micro-fertilizers, vegetable powders, or natural alizarin to improve fruit size, sweetness, and overall flavor.
Third, water management plays a critical role. High temperatures in the greenhouse lead to increased evaporation, so timely irrigation is necessary. In the early season, when outdoor temperatures are higher, it's best to irrigate in the evening. As temperatures drop later, irrigation should be done in the morning. After watering, raise the temperature first, then ventilate and lower it. Avoid overwatering; each irrigation should thoroughly moisten the soil. After flowering, water once every 15 days combined with fertilization.
Fourth, light management is important for yield and quality. Light intensity and duration significantly impact strawberry growth. Regularly clean the greenhouse film to ensure maximum light penetration. Extend the lighting time as much as possible without affecting temperature control. On cloudy or snowy days, consider using supplemental lighting to maintain adequate light levels.
Fifth, plant management includes several key practices. First, artificial pollination helps increase fruit set and reduce nutrient loss. It should be done daily between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. using a brush or by introducing bees. Bees work best at temperatures between 15°C and 30°C. Second, regularly remove old, yellowed, or diseased leaves to improve air circulation and light exposure. Also, eliminate excess buds before flowering and remove damaged or deformed fruits during the fruiting stage to enhance fruit quality. These practices help ensure healthier, more uniform, and higher-quality strawberries. (Department of Agriculture, Shanting District, Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province)