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Storage characteristics and conditions of cabbage
Cabbage, also known as Chinese cabbage or leafy cabbage, is a popular cruciferous vegetable widely cultivated around the world. Originating from the Mediterranean coast, it was introduced to China over 200 years ago and has since become one of the most commonly grown and consumed vegetables in the country. Its adaptability, cold tolerance, and long storage life make it a staple in many households.
One of the key characteristics of cabbage is its ability to withstand low temperatures. The outer leaves are thick and coated with a waxy layer, which helps protect the plant from minor frost damage—though it's important to note that the core should not freeze. This natural resistance allows cabbage to be stored and transported more easily, especially when kept at the right conditions.
In terms of varieties, cabbage can be classified based on leaf shape, color, and growth season. There are three main types by color: white-headed, red-headed, and wrinkled-leaf cabbages. In China, cabbages are often categorized by their head shape into flat-headed, pointed-headed, and round-headed varieties. Additionally, they can be grouped by planting season, including spring, summer, autumn-winter, and late winter varieties.
There are several common types of cabbage:
1. **Round Head Cabbage**: This variety is nearly round, with green or dark green leaves covered in a waxy white coating. The head is usually oblate, with a short central column and tightly packed leaves. It is known for high yield, good storage quality, and a long growing period of up to 130 days. Late-maturing types include yellow seedlings, small flat-head black cabbages, and large flat-head green varieties. These are typically planted in early January for summer harvest.
2. **Heart-shaped Cabbage**: This type has smaller leaves that form a heart-like shape, with a taller central column and a more compact ball. It is an early-maturing variety, usually available from May to June. One of the earliest types is "As Early as Gold," which is prized for its quick growth.
3. **Medium-sized Cabbage**: This variety features a moderate-sized head with slightly rounded protrusions on the leaves. The central column is shorter, and the ball is tightly packed. Medium-maturing types offer good quality, average yield, and strong storage ability. They are generally available in June, with examples like Xiaobaikou and Xiaoqingkou being popular choices.
For optimal storage, cabbage requires cool temperatures, ideally between 0°C and 1°C, with high humidity (98%-100%). Under these conditions, it can be preserved for 4 to 5 months, making it a reliable crop for long-term food security. Proper storage techniques are essential to maintain freshness and prevent spoilage, especially during seasonal transitions.