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Spread vegetables and fertilizers to endanger temperature
With the continuous advancement of high-efficiency agriculture, greenhouse vegetable cultivation has seen significant growth. However, some outdated practices, particularly in fertilization methods, have led to serious problems. Many farmers tend to spread fertilizer directly on the soil surface without proper techniques, which can be harmful to both the crops and the overall production. This improper method not only causes a loss of nutrients due to evaporation but can also lead to severe damage or even total crop failure in extreme cases.
The first major issue is ammonia toxicity. When nitrogen-based fertilizers or compound fertilizers are applied to the surface, they react with moisture and decompose rapidly under high temperatures, releasing ammonia gas. In a closed greenhouse environment, this gas accumulates quickly. For example, in cucumber or tomato crops, concentrations as low as 510-6 ppm for 15 hours or 4010-6 ppm for just a few hours can be fatal to the plants.
Secondly, improper fertilization worsens soil salinity. Greenhouses often have limited rainfall and poor drainage, leading to salt buildup over time. When fertilizers are applied on the surface, salts tend to accumulate in the top layer of soil. This not only reduces soil fertility but also makes it harder for roots to absorb water and nutrients, ultimately affecting plant health and yield.
Thirdly, surface fertilization hinders root development. Vegetable roots naturally grow toward areas with higher nutrient concentration. However, when fertilizer is applied on the surface, the roots may become concentrated near the top, making them more vulnerable to salt damage. This weakens the root system and limits the plant’s ability to take up essential nutrients and water from deeper soil layers.
To address these issues, it's crucial for farmers to adopt better fertilization practices. Instead of spreading fertilizer on the surface, they should apply it at a depth where the roots can effectively absorb it. Afterward, covering the soil helps retain moisture and reduce nutrient loss. Additionally, regular irrigation can help flush out excess salts, improving overall soil health and fertilizer efficiency. By making these changes, farmers can significantly improve their greenhouse crop yields and sustainability.
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