Low-nitrogen, high-density and high-yield cultivation techniques for rapeseed

1. Seedling transplanting involves precise sash positioning, quantitative ultra-dilution sowing, and the cultivation of strong seedlings, along with the implementation of the "five-two-division two-point" supporting measures:

(1) Fine soil preparation: Choose a sunny, leeward location with fertile sandy loam soil that has not been previously planted with cruciferous crops. The soil should be fine and free of large clods to ensure good root development.

(2) Constructing raised beds: The bed width should be 134–150 cm, with a furrow width of 30 cm and a ditch depth of 25–30 cm. This structure helps with drainage and root aeration.

(3) Sash positioning, compartmentalization, and thinning: Prepare a grid of 134–150 cm in width, with each cell measuring 12x12 cm. Cover the surface with a layer of topsoil mixed with animal manure. Sow one or two seeds per cell, then cover them lightly with ash or sieved slag. Ensure proper watering and drainage to avoid waterlogging or drought.

(4) Timely thinning: When the rape has 1–2 leaves, begin thinning the seedlings to leave only one healthy plant per square meter. Regular pest control and proper water and fertilizer management are essential. Conduct this process 3 times, with 1–2 pesticide applications, and transplant after 25–30 days.

(5) Spraying paclobutrazol: Apply paclobutrazol when the plants have three leaves to control height, enhance leaf area, and increase yield. Use 150–200 grams of paclobutrazol per acre, diluted in 60 kg of water for foliar spraying.

2. High-density planting

Plant at a spacing of 20 cm between rows and 40 cm within rows (or 20 x 44 cm), using double-row transplanting with equidistant placement. Aim for 1.4–1.6 million plants per acre under low-nitrogen, high-density conditions. When transplanting, remove tall, crooked, diseased, or weak seedlings. Apply root fertilizer and water immediately to ensure uniform growth across the field.

When planting in double rows, each seedling must be placed separately. Maintain a distance of 10–15 cm between individual plants. Avoid planting seedlings too close together, as this can lead to lodging and reduce yield.

3. Adjusting fertilizer proportions for scientific application

Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied before December, and it is best to avoid applying it after this date. Implement the "bottom foot, stable seedlings, attack disk, and supplement" approach:

The "bottom foot" stage involves applying organic manure, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, with nitrogen used in smaller amounts. This accounts for about 70% of total fertilizer. For example, apply 1,500 kg of organic manure, 3.4 kg of Pâ‚‚Oâ‚…, 6.8 kg of Kâ‚‚O, and 3.4 kg of pure nitrogen per mu.

The "open fertilizer" phase accounts for 28%, with 2.2 kg of pure nitrogen, 1.4 kg of Pâ‚‚Oâ‚…, and 2.7 kg of Kâ‚‚O per mu.

The "stable seedlings" stage accounts for 2%, with 0.15 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.1 kg of Pâ‚‚Oâ‚…, and 0.19 kg of Kâ‚‚O per mu. These two stages must be applied before the end of the year.

The "supplement" stage focuses on micro-fertilizers. Spray a 0.1% boron solution and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution during the early flowering stage, and repeat once at the end of flowering. Use 60 kg of solution per mu to improve grain filling and increase yield.

4. Strengthening field management

During the seedling stage, pay attention to gully drainage and control pests such as aphids, cabbage caterpillars, and downy mildew. Perform 1–2 rounds of manual weeding or one round of chemical weeding. In the mid to late stages, focus on disease resistance by removing diseased plants and improving the environment. Use carbendazim or similar fungicides to manage sclerotinia rot. After flowering, if dry weather occurs, provide proper irrigation. Apply urea (0.5 kg) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.1 kg) in 100 kg of water to prevent premature aging of the plants.

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