Fertilization Before Application
The main goal of fertilizing before application is to enhance tree vitality, promote the development of flower buds, and improve flower quality. A strong tree can delay the flowering period, reducing the risk of frost damage to young fruits.
1. **Soil Fertilization**: Applying bud fertilizer is a crucial practice to delay blooming, especially during periods when flowers are vulnerable to frost. The fertilizer should be rich in nitrogen and include suitable phosphate components.
2. **Foliar Fertilization**: Use a 0.3% urea solution combined with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, or dilute Cui Kang Shengli 600 times and Cui Kang Hua Guo Ling 1200 times, or Green Fenwei No. 2 diluted 600 times, along with rare earth fertilizer at 600–1200 times. Alternate between these solutions 2–3 times to improve bud quality and enhance the tree's cold resistance.
Pruning
Pruning starts in mid-October and ends in mid-November. On each fruiting branch, leave one or two strong lateral spikes, while removing thin, weak, or dense spikes. Top spikes should be thinned, leaving more in the middle of the crown, especially for weaker trees. Also, remove some dense branches and short, slender shoots from the mother branches. After mid-October, cut off the basal buds on the panicle and rachis, leaving only the middle flower buds. This helps concentrate nutrients, delays flowering, and reduces frost damage to young fruits.
Garden Cleaning
Remove moss and lichens from branches, clear fallen leaves, and burn them. Before bud formation, spray the trunk and ground with a 2–3 degree Bordeaux mixture. Other sulfur-based preparations can also be used to reduce the number of overwintering pests.
Pest and Disease Control
1. **Gray Spot Disease**: This disease affects branches, leaves, shoots, flowers, and fruits. After bud formation, avoid using sulfur or copper-based agents. Apply 50% Thiophanate-methyl WP at 600 times, or 50% Triadimefon WP at 600 times. Spray every 10–15 days, alternating between products, and apply 2–3 times.
2. **Branch Rot Disease**: In winter, dry and cracked bark is common, but it can also lead to oozing and cause dead branches or even tree death. Control measures include: 1) Removing infected areas by scraping and burning diseased branches. 2) Apply a sulfur suspension mixed with 80% "402" antibacterial agent (100 times), "843" recovery agent, or 43% Halic (800 times) plus 50% Carbendazim WP (100 times), or 1% copper sulfate solution. Paint exposed branches white to prevent freezing.
3. **Boat-shaped Caterpillars and Yellow Caterpillars**: Mainly controlled manually: 1) Pick eggs found on the back of leaves. 2) Collect or kill larvae in the first or second instar stage. 3) Shake the tree to make larvae fall; they often play dead and can be collected. 4) Mature larvae burrow into the soil; use straw bundles or mix soil to lure them and then destroy them. You can also coat the ground to prevent larvae from entering the soil or moths from laying eggs. Chemical control options include 5% Ruijin EC at 1500 times, 25% Diflubenzuron at 1200 times, 48% Loester EC at 1000 times, or 25% Diflubenzuron at 1000 times. (Huang Wei feeds)
Puffed Corn Flour
Puffed corn flour is a type of flour made from corn that has been puffed or expanded through a process of heat and pressure. The process involves heating the corn kernels until they become soft and moist, and then rapidly releasing the pressure, causing the kernels to puff up. The puffed corn is then ground into a fine flour that can be used in a variety of recipes. Puffed corn flour is often used as a gluten-free alternative to wheat flour in baking and cooking, and is also used in snack foods such as popcorn and corn chips. It is high in fiber and protein, and has a light, airy texture that makes it ideal for use in baked goods.
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