Pre-Application Fertilization
The primary goal of applying fertilizer before the growing season is to enhance tree vitality, promote the development of flower buds, and improve the quality of the flowers. A strong tree can also delay the flowering period, which helps reduce frost damage to young fruits.
1. **Soil Fertilization**: Applying bud fertilizer is a crucial method for delaying flowering, especially during periods when flower buds are vulnerable to frost. The fertilizer should be rich in nitrogen and contain appropriate amounts of phosphate.
2. **Foliar Fertilization**: Use a 0.3% urea solution combined with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Alternatively, you can use 600 times diluted Cui Kang Shengli liquid mixed with Cui Kang Hua Guo Ling at 1200 times dilution, or Green Fenwei No. 2 diluted 600 times, along with rare earth fertilizer diluted between 600 to 1200 times. Alternate between these solutions two to three times to improve bud quality and increase the tree’s cold resistance.
Pruning
Pruning begins in mid-October and ends in mid-November. On each fruiting branch, one or two strong lateral spikes should be left, while thin, weak, or densely packed spikes should be removed first. The top of the canopy should be thinned out, leaving more spikes in the middle, especially on weaker trees. At the same time, some dense branches and slender shoots from the main branches should be pruned. After mid-October, remove the buds at the base of the panicle and rachis, leaving only the middle flower buds. This helps concentrate nutrients, delays flowering, and reduces the risk of frost damage to young fruits.
Garden Cleaning
Remove lichens and moss from branches, clear up fallen leaves, and burn them. Before the buds begin to form, spray the trunk and ground with a 2 to 3 degree Bordeaux mixture. Other sulfur-based preparations can also be used to reduce the number of overwintering pests.
Pest and Disease Control
1. **Gray Spot Disease**: This disease affects branches, leaves, shoots, flowers, and fruits. After bud formation, avoid using sulfur or copper-based agents. Instead, apply 50% Mancozeb WP at 600 times dilution, or 50% Thiophanate-methyl WP at 600 times. Spray every 10 to 15 days, alternating between products, and repeat 2 to 3 times.
2. **Branch Rot Disease**: In winter, the main symptoms are dry, cracked bark, but it can also cause oozing and lead to dead branches or even tree death. Control measures include: 1) removing infected areas and burning diseased branches; 2) applying a sulfur suspension concentrate mixed with 80% "402" antibacterial agent at 100 times dilution, or "843" recovery agent, or 43% Halic at 800 times plus 50% Carbendazim WP at 100 times, or 1% copper sulfate solution. Paint exposed branches white to prevent freezing.
3. **Boat-shaped Caterpillars and Yellow Caterpillars**: Mainly controlled manually. 1) Eggs are laid on the back of leaves, so they can be picked by hand. 2) Young larvae (1st to 2nd instar) feed on leaves and can be collected or killed. 3) Mature larvae have a tendency to play dead, so shaking the tree will make them drop. They can then be collected and destroyed. 4) Older larvae burrow into the soil, so straw bundles mixed with soil can be placed on branches to lure them into the soil, where they can be collected and destroyed. You can also apply barriers on the ground to prevent larvae from entering the soil or adult moths from laying eggs. Chemical control options include 5% Ruijin EC diluted 1500 times, 25% Diflubenzuron at 1200 times, 48% Loester EC at 1000 times, or 25% Diflubenzuron at 1000 times. (Huang Wei feeds)
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