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About the breeding of winter broilers
Every winter, broiler farming faces significant challenges, especially in managing insulation, ventilation, removal of harmful gases, and disease prevention. Broiler management is a complex task that requires careful attention to immunization, feeding, and personnel training. Transparency and efficiency at every stage are essential for improving overall productivity.
First, effective insulation and ventilation are critical during cold weather. The indoor temperature must be maintained at a level suitable for the chickens, which is often quite different from the outside temperature. Proper ventilation is necessary to remove stale air and maintain oxygen levels while avoiding drastic temperature fluctuations that can cause stress and illness. It's recommended to place ventilation outlets more than 1.5 meters above the chicken’s back to prevent cold drafts. When temperatures drop suddenly, it's easy for broilers to suffer from respiratory issues like coughing, sneezing, and labored breathing. Therefore, the chicken house should be well-sealed to prevent cold air and drafts from entering.
To keep the litter dry and warm, especially on open plains, it's important to use thick bedding material. Litter should be changed regularly, and windows should be opened for short periods during midday to allow fresh air in. Ventilation usually starts at 6 days of age and gradually increases as the birds grow, ensuring they have enough oxygen. Before the chicks arrive, the house should be kept at around 34.5°C to 35°C. Once they’re inside, the temperature should rise by 1-2°C per day. In the first week, the ideal temperature range is 35°C to 36°C. Healthy chicks will be active, evenly distributed, and eating normally. Monitoring their behavior is key—chicks that huddle together, make noise, or tuck their heads in may be too cold, while those panting or drinking excessively may be overheated.
At two weeks old, the temperature should be reduced to 30°C–32°C, then to 26°C–28°C at three weeks, and finally stabilized at 23°C. Maintaining stable conditions is crucial for their growth and health.
Second, ammonia accumulation is a common problem in winter due to poor litter management and inadequate ventilation. Feces and damp litter not removed promptly can lead to high ammonia levels, causing respiratory issues and even ascites in fast-growing broilers. To reduce ammonia, the litter should be at least 5 cm thick, and moisture should be minimized. Water leakage should be prevented, and wet litter should be removed quickly. Ammonia absorption agents such as ferrous sulfate, superphosphoric acid, copper sulfate, and hydrated lime can also help lower ammonia levels.
Third, proper feeding management is essential. New chicks should be provided with clean water before food, especially after long-distance transport. Forced feeding may be needed for inactive chicks, but care must be taken to avoid overcrowding. Lighting should be controlled carefully, with consistent intensity and placement. The floor should remain dry, so using breathable materials like tri-soil is preferable over cement. Drinking water should be limited to avoid excess moisture in the litter, and water pipes should be checked for leaks.
Choosing good-quality litter is also important. Fresh, dry, and soft wood shavings are ideal, and the litter should be spread evenly and turned regularly to prevent hardening. Feeding should be adjusted based on seasonal needs. During colder months, increasing the metabolic energy in feed while reducing protein content helps meet the higher calorie demands. Vitamin content should be closely monitored, and feed should be served at room temperature if possible. Avoid using salt in feed to prevent excessive water intake and potential diarrhea.
Lastly, disease prevention is vital. Vaccination schedules must be strictly followed, and regular disinfection of the barns and equipment is necessary. After an outbreak, prompt veterinary intervention is required. Respiratory diseases can be managed with appropriate medication, and adding antibiotics, vitamins, or baking soda to water and feed can help reduce stress and improve immunity.
In summary, successful broiler farming in winter requires a combination of good insulation, proper ventilation, litter management, balanced nutrition, and strict disease control. By addressing these factors, farmers can significantly improve the health and productivity of their flocks.