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About the breeding of winter broilers
Every winter, broiler farming faces significant challenges, especially in maintaining proper insulation, ventilation, and managing harmful gases. Disease prevention and control also become critical during this season. Broiler management is a complex task that requires attention to multiple factors, including immunization, feeding, and the overall care of the staff. To improve breeding efficiency, it's essential that every aspect of the process is transparent and well-managed.
One key challenge is balancing insulation with ventilation. During cold weather, the temperature inside the poultry house must be maintained at a level different from the outside. Proper air circulation is crucial to ensure fresh air while avoiding sudden temperature fluctuations, which can cause stress and lead to illness. It’s recommended to install ventilation outlets more than 1.5 meters above the chickens’ backs to avoid direct drafts. When temperatures drop rapidly, and cold protection measures fall short, broilers are prone to respiratory issues like coughing, sneezing, and difficulty breathing.
To prevent cold stress, the poultry house should be secure against wind and drafts. For broilers raised on open ground, using thick litter can help raise the indoor temperature. Litter should be regularly changed, and windows should be opened for ventilation during midday. Ventilation typically begins at 6 days of age, gradually increasing as the birds grow to ensure they have enough oxygen. Before chicks are introduced, the temperature should be set between 34.5°C and 35°C. After they enter the house, the temperature should rise by 1–2°C, staying around 35–36°C during the first week. At this stage, the chickens should appear healthy, active, and evenly distributed. Monitoring their behavior is important—if they huddle together or make loud noises, it may indicate low temperatures. Conversely, if they pant or drink excessively, it suggests high temperatures, and adjustments should be made accordingly. By the second week, the temperature should be lowered to 30–32°C, then to 26–28°C by the third week, and finally stabilized at 23°C after that.
Another major concern in winter is ammonia buildup. Poor waste management and damp litter can lead to high ammonia levels, causing poisoning or respiratory diseases. Ammonia accumulation also reduces oxygen levels, and combined with cold weather, it can increase metabolic rates, making fast-growing broilers more susceptible to ascites syndrome. To mitigate this, litter should be kept at least 5 cm thick, and water leakage should be minimized to prevent wet litter. If humidity becomes too high, manure and damp litter should be removed promptly. Using ammonia-absorbing agents such as ferrous sulfate, superphosphoric acid, copper sulfate, or hydrated lime can also help reduce indoor ammonia levels.
Feeding management is equally important. New chicks should be handled carefully, with the brooding area thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before they arrive. Chickens should be given access to water before food, especially after long-distance transport. For reluctant birds, gentle encouragement is necessary without causing overcrowding. Light exposure should be controlled, and the position and intensity of lights should remain consistent. The floor should be dry and breathable, ideally using a tri-soil mix rather than cement. Water supply should be limited to prevent excess moisture in the litter. Litter should be soft, clean, and regularly turned to maintain its quality.
Dietary adjustments are also vital during colder months. Broilers require more energy to stay warm, so feed should be formulated with higher metabolic energy and lower protein content. Vitamin levels should be carefully monitored to meet the birds' needs. Feed should be served at room temperature, and warm water can be provided when possible. Raw grains must be free from mold and impurities to prevent respiratory issues. Salt should be avoided to reduce water intake and prevent wet litter. Excessive fat in feed can lead to sticky feces, which can worsen litter conditions. Protein levels should be balanced to avoid digestive problems.
Lastly, disease prevention is crucial. Vaccinations should follow strict schedules, and regular disinfection of the poultry house is necessary. Empty houses should be fumigated with formalin, and non-toxic disinfectants should be used for spraying. Chickens should also be disinfected through both spray and drinking water. In case of respiratory outbreaks, prompt veterinary diagnosis and treatment are essential. Medications like anti-cough or bronchodilators can help alleviate symptoms and reduce mortality.
In summary, effective winter broiler management involves careful attention to temperature, ventilation, litter quality, feeding, and disease prevention. By implementing these strategies, farmers can significantly improve broiler health and productivity during the colder months.