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Silkworm technology feeding and management points
In the spring silkworm season, the climate is favorable, the mulberry leaves are of high quality, and the presence of pathogens is minimal, resulting in a lower incidence of disease. This period is considered the most optimal for raising silkworms throughout the year. However, to ensure a high yield, it's essential to maintain strict feeding and management practices.
Before the silkworms are fully disinfected and bred for 5–7 days, it's crucial to thoroughly clean and disinfect the entire environment, including the silkworm room, bamboo frames, storage pillars, and upper chambers. Use Disinfection King or a 1% available chlorine bleach solution for effective sterilization.
During each stage of the silkworm’s development, especially after the cocoon stage, it's important to disinfect the silkworm bodies using Disinfection King or bleaching powder lime anti-stick powder. After the third instar, add a second feeding of chrysanthemum stars to help prevent and treat bacterial diseases. If viral infections occur, sprinkle fresh lime powder 1–2 times daily, especially at the entrance of the silkworm room. Always wash your hands and change shoes before feeding or removing waste. Remove any sick silkworms promptly to avoid cross-infection. Additionally, use sulfur fumes every 1–2 days for further disinfection. The floor of the silkworm and breeding rooms should be regularly sterilized with a 0.3% available chlorine bleach solution. After selling the cocoons, spread a layer of fresh lime powder on the chamber surface, then spray with Disinfection King or bleaching liquid, followed by cleaning, washing, or smoking.
Adjusting the climate in the silkworm room is also vital. During spring, low temperature and humidity can hinder silkworm growth. Using charcoal fires can help raise the temperature and improve humidity. If the air becomes too dry after heating, boiling water can be used to moisten the environment.
Ensure proper ventilation by opening windows and doors regularly to remove stale air and bring in fresh air. Maintain a uniform temperature to support healthy silkworm development. Small silkworm rooms require gentle airflow, while larger ones need better ventilation.
Timely sand removal is critical. In the first instar, no sand removal is needed. From the second instar onwards, sand removal should be done as necessary, especially when the silkworms are resting. When large quantities of mulberry leaves are fed, frequent sand removal is required. Perform three sand removals during the fourth instar and one during the fifth. Before each sand removal, sprinkle lime powder and feed 1–2 leaves until the net is removed. Combine this with adjusting the density of the silkworms to ensure even distribution.
Timely and appropriate harvesting of mulberry leaves is essential. Feeding too early can result in small, thin silkworms, while feeding too late may lead to issues like "Double Palace" or "malformation." Proper timing ensures that silkworms grow well, produce more silk, and achieve higher yields. It also helps prevent problems such as "diyanomiya," "malformation," and "pollution."
The silkworm cocoons should be harvested and sold 6–7 days after the top cocoons are formed. When the cocoons turn brown, they are ready for collection. Be sure to separate and sell any "Double Palace," "Malform," or "Pollution" cocoons individually to maintain quality and market value.