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Before and after the Spring Festival in Beijing and Tianjin
Peach cultivation is influenced by a variety of factors, including the type of variety, management techniques, and market prices. However, the use of cold sheds—particularly in Beijing and Tianjin during the period before and after the Spring Festival—plays a critical role in determining the profitability and quality of peaches. Based on years of observation and hands-on experience, I have found that specific management practices are essential to ensure successful growth and high yields.
First, the timing of shed installation is crucial. For cold-shed peaches, which lack insulation, temperature is controlled primarily through sunlight and the use of plastic film. This leads to significant day-to-night temperature fluctuations. The ideal time to install the sheds is around February 20, allowing for flowering between March 25 and 31, with fruit maturing in early June—about 10 to 15 days earlier than traditional methods.
For warm-type cold-shed peaches, each shed covering 350–450 square meters should be equipped with a heating system. These systems typically burn firewood, briquettes, or bituminous coal and release heat through flues. The optimal time for warming is from February 2 to April 4, leading to flowering between March 15 and 31, and fruit maturity from May 25 to 31—approximately 20 days ahead of open-field production.
After installing the sheds, careful temperature control is necessary. During the day, temperatures should not exceed 20°C. When the temperature drops to 18°C, vents should be closed immediately. Sheds must be sealed properly, and a 3-meter-high wind barrier should be built on the north side to protect against cold winds. Gradual warming is essential to avoid damaging flower buds or promoting premature leaf growth, which can reduce fruit set. Ideally, the time from shed installation to flowering should be about 35 days. Temperatures should be kept between 10°C and 18°C during the first week, gradually increasing to 14°C–23°C as flowering approaches.
Mulching and watering are also important. After 3–5 days of installation, a 1.5-meter-wide mulch should be placed between trees. Watering should occur about 10 days after installation, when the soil begins to thaw, but care must be taken not to overwater and lower the soil temperature too much.
Disease and pest prevention should begin during the bud expansion stage. A 3% Bordeaux mixture (lime sulfur) should be sprayed thoroughly to prevent fungal infections. Pruning is also key: remove large, unproductive branches, thin out weak and dense branches, and lightly trim long shoots while preserving fruit-bearing twigs.
During the flowering stage, controlling pests like aphids is essential. Spraying a solution of imidacloprid (3000 times dilution) combined with mancozeb (800 times) can help manage infestations. Temperature control is equally important, with daytime temperatures maintained at 14°C–22°C and not exceeding 25°C. Vents should be opened during midday to cool the air, and heating should be activated if temperatures drop below 5°C at night to prevent frost damage.
Pollination is another critical step. While artificial pollination can improve fruit set, it is labor-intensive. Many growers prefer using motorized sprayers or dusters for efficient pollination. Applying a solution of 20 ml gibberellin + 0.3% urea + 0.3% borax once during bloom, followed by a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate spray at full bloom, can significantly enhance fruit setting.
Controlling new shoot growth is also vital. After 15 days of flowering, pruning the main branches helps redirect nutrients toward fruit development. If needed, paclobutrazol (150 times dilution) can be used to regulate growth.
Finally, strict fruit thinning is necessary. The first thinning occurs one week after flowering, removing small, diseased, or double fruits. The second thinning takes place 25 days after flowering, based on tree vigor and branch strength. Strong branches can carry more fruit, while weaker ones should have fewer. Fruit should be distributed evenly, with more fruits left on the upper, well-lit parts of the tree and fewer on the inner and lower sections.
By following these detailed management practices, growers can maximize yield, improve fruit quality, and ensure the long-term success of their peach orchards.