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Five Experiences of Increasing Soybean Production
In Xuchang City, the annual soybean planting area on local farms exceeds 10,000 mu. Before 2003, the average yield was around 180 kg per mu. However, since 2004, there has been a steady increase in production, reaching 220 kg per mu, which represents a 22% rise. Each year, there has been a consistent growth trend in output. Based on these developments, the author has identified five key practices that have contributed to the increased soybean production in the region.
First and foremost, choosing the right variety and sowing at the appropriate time are crucial for successful soybean cultivation. Different soybean varieties have varying adaptability to local climates and soil conditions. In the Xuchang area and throughout the Yellow River-Huai River basin, farmers have adopted varieties known for strong disease resistance, robust stems, and pods, with an average 100-seed weight of about 20 grams and a growing period of 105 to 115 days. This selection has significantly improved yields.
Another important practice is using straw mulching combined with no-tillage sowing. This method helps maintain soil moisture, regulate temperature, and suppress weeds. The process involves raking the previous crop’s straw, crushing it, and spreading it over the field before planting. No-tillage preserves the natural soil structure, promoting better root development and healthier plants. Combined with precise seeding techniques, this approach ensures uniform seed depth, even coverage, and stronger seedlings, leading to more consistent plant growth.
Fertilization plays a vital role in boosting soybean productivity. Farmers in Xuchang have increased their use of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers while also supplementing trace elements like molybdenum. During the early growth stage, when the plants have 4 to 6 leaves, they apply 15 kg of diammonium phosphate and 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Before flowering, they spray a mixture of paclobutrazol (diluted 2000 times), ammonium molybdate (5000 times), and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1000 times) at a rate of 25 kg per mu. These practices help strengthen the stems, reduce lodging, and improve grain filling.
Controlling pests and weeds is essential for maintaining healthy crops. The strategy in Xuchang follows a “prevention-first†approach, combining monitoring and timely intervention. Regular field inspections help detect potential issues early, allowing for effective control measures without excessive chemical use.
Finally, timely harvesting is critical to maximizing yield and quality. Harvesting too early results in underdeveloped seeds and green grains, while waiting too long can lead to shattering and yield loss. Farmers know the right time by observing the plants: when all the leaves have fallen, shaking the plants produces a noticeable sound, and the seeds do not sag in the hand. This ensures optimal harvest conditions and minimizes losses.
By implementing these five key strategies—selecting suitable varieties, using mulch and no-till methods, applying proper fertilizers, controlling pests and weeds, and harvesting at the right time—farmers in Xuchang have successfully boosted soybean production and improved overall farm efficiency.