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Fresh corn cultivation techniques in winter
There are two main types of fresh corn: sweet corn and waxy corn. Unlike traditional corn, which is harvested for its dried seeds, fresh corn is picked when the ears are still tender and juicy. This makes the timing of harvest, as well as the short growing period and the logistics of storage and transportation, crucial factors that affect the quality, flavor, and overall eating experience. Fresh corn from suburban areas has successfully addressed these challenges, offering a high level of freshness that has made it very popular among consumers. The average price for a fresh ear ranges between 3 to 4 yuan, making it an attractive crop for farmers.
This type of corn plays a significant role in boosting the multiple cropping index in low-heat valley regions, promoting winter agriculture, and providing additional income sources for local farmers. Below are the key cultivation techniques:
1. **Site Selection**: Choose areas with an average annual temperature above 18°C, and where January temperatures remain above 7°C. Ideal locations include low-heat valleys with good irrigation systems, minimal frost risk, and access to greenhouses or other frost-free facilities.
2. **Field Preparation**: Select flat, fertile land with good drainage and irrigation capabilities. For every 667 square meters, apply 1500 kg of organic compost mixed with 30 ounces of compound fertilizer. This mixture should be incorporated into the planting trenches or ponds as base fertilizer.
3. **Cultivation Techniques**
3.1 **Isolation Planting**: To maintain quality, avoid planting other corn varieties at the same time. If other corn must be grown nearby, ensure a minimum isolation distance of 500 meters, or more than 30 days difference in planting time. Natural barriers like trees or buildings can reduce the required distance.
3.2 **Variety Selection**: Focus on early or medium-maturing varieties that are suitable for the local climate.
3.3 **Sowing Time**: Sow between November and December, and harvest between March and April. Ensure the soil is flat, loose, and fine, with a seed covering depth of 2–3 cm. Avoid over-covering, especially for sweet and crisp corn, which has weaker germination power. Plant density should be around 3,600–3,800 plants per 667 square meters. Use plastic mulch to raise soil temperature and aim to bring the product to market early.
3.4 **Pest Control**: Before sowing, mix 3% green land insecticide with organic fertilizer or apply it directly to the planting area at a rate of 2 kg per 667 square meters to control underground pests.
3.5 **Field Management**: While similar to other winter corn management practices, fresh corn requires careful attention to fertilization. Due to lower temperatures after planting, growth is slower initially, and roots have limited water absorption. Fertilizer application should be light and timely—apply base fertilizer, early seedling fertilizer, stalk fertilizer, and panicle fertilizer. Avoid granular fertilizers. Use a combination of organic and chemical fertilizers, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc.
4. **Harvesting**: Fresh corn is harvested at the milk stage, approximately 25 days after pollination. Check the maturity by gently tearing the husk. Harvest promptly and sell the same day to ensure maximum freshness.