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How to improve facilities apricot fruit setting rate
Through a four-year experiment, we have developed effective management strategies to prevent excessive growth of apricot trees and improve fruit set rates. The following are the key technical practices:
First, selecting high-quality varieties is crucial. Varieties such as Kate, Golden Sun, New Century, and Hongfeng are recommended due to their high flowering rate, self-fertility, strong frost resistance, late blooming, early fruiting, and high yield. These varieties help ensure better productivity and resilience.
Second, proper pruning is essential for young trees. During the thinning process, dense and leggy branches should be removed, while retaining branchlets and auxiliary branches to promote faster growth and early fruiting. As the tree ages, the fruiting period increases, and the fruit load gradually rises. It’s important to thin out weak or overly dense fruit branches to avoid flower degradation caused by overloading. After the fruiting season, pruning should resume to restore tree vigor. Pruning before the growing season focuses on removing weak, dense, and upward-growing branches to concentrate nutrients. Post-harvest pruning involves shortening branches and performing summer shearing to improve light penetration in the canopy, ensuring natural light transmittance exceeds 50%.
Third, trunk girdling can enhance flower and fruit set in the following year. The width of the girdle should be 1/30 to 1/25 of the trunk diameter. After making the cut, it should be disinfected with a 20% carbendazim solution diluted 100 times, then wrapped with plastic film. One week later, spray the tree with a 0.3% urea solution twice, once per week. Then apply 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution twice, with a one-week interval between sprays.
Fourth, fertilization and irrigation play a key role in improving nutrient accumulation and flower bud quality, which directly affects fruit set. Base fertilizer should be applied in late September to early October using manure, compost, and human waste. The amount varies depending on the tree's age, vigor, and fruit load. Typically, 5,000 kg of organic manure, 50 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 50 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per acre are recommended. Avoid applying nitrogen-rich fertilizers like urea from the time of flowering until the hard core stage, as this can lead to excessive leaf growth and poor fruit set. After harvest, apply 25 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 50 kg of urea per acre to restore tree health. Minimize watering during flowering, and use drip irrigation if necessary. Control water after fruit coloring to promote ripening and color development.
Fifth, chemical regulation is beneficial. In mid-July, spray 1.5% PP333 at 200–400 times dilution to prevent excessive vegetative growth and promote flower bud differentiation. If the tree is vigorous, repeat the application 2–3 times.
Sixth, foliar feeding helps supplement nutrients. Before flowering, spray 0.5% urea solution on dry shoots. During full bloom, apply 0.3% borax + 0.3% urea to increase fruit set. After blooming, spray 0.3% urea + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. In the first half of fruit ripening, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to enhance fruit color.
Seventh, controlling temperature and humidity under the greenhouse film is essential. Before bud break, maintain daytime temperatures between 12–15°C and nighttime temperatures above 3°C, with humidity below 80%. During flowering, keep daytime temperatures between 15–20°C and nighttime temperatures above 5°C, with humidity around 50%.
Eighth, managing flowers and fruits is critical. In conditions of low humidity or lack of pollinators, artificial pollination or bee introduction is necessary. Thinning should be done scientifically, removing weak, deformed, or diseased fruits to reduce competition and improve fruit quality.
Ninth, increasing light exposure is important, especially in southern areas. Use non-drip film and wash it before use. During winter and spring, maximize light inside the greenhouse. If possible, remove shading materials early and allow diffused light. Regularly clean or wash the film to maintain transparency.
Tenth, pest and disease control should focus on prevention. Limit pesticide use and combine it with biological control methods. After the shed is closed, spray the entire plant 1–2 times with 5° Baume lime sulfur. After flowering, spray 80% Daconil M-45 or 70% thiophanate-methyl at 600–800 times dilution every 10–15 days, up to 3–5 times. For aphids and mites, use 10% imidacloprid at 1500–2000 times or 15% Dinotefuran at 1500 times.