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Day lily cultivation techniques
The Daylily, also known as the "Full Needle Dish," is a perennial herb renowned for its strong adaptability, easy cultivation, and high economic value. Among various varieties, the Datong Daylily stands out for its superior quality, wide petals, and delicious taste, making it highly popular in the domestic market. It is also exported to Hong Kong and Southeast Asian countries, making it an excellent crop for boosting farmers' income and adjusting planting structures. Here are the detailed cultivation techniques:
First, soil preparation.
1. The Daylily can grow in a variety of soils, including light sandy soils. However, it thrives best in irrigated land on sloping ground, as it is resistant to drought and salinity. This makes it ideal for areas with moderate water supply.
2. Deep plowing is essential to promote root development. The soil should be tilled to a depth of 20–30 cm. A standard plot size is 6 meters long and 2 meters wide.
3. Apply base fertilizer before planting. Use 4,000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure and 50 kg of superphosphate per acre, ensuring even distribution for optimal nutrient availability.
Second, planting.
1. Choose healthy seedlings from mature plants. For best results, select young shoots that have been cut or have buds. If using old roots, remove any damaged or rotten parts and keep only the upper layer with a single bud.
2. Planting time is usually during spring or autumn, avoiding the seedling and harvesting periods. Spring planting is recommended after the Qingming Festival, once the soil has thawed.
3. Planting patterns include wide and narrow rows. The wide row spacing is 1.3 meters, while the narrow row is 0.6 meters. After planting, the seedlings should be slightly exposed, about 1 cm above the ground surface, to ensure proper growth.
Other methods include the single-row hole planting technique, where each hole is spaced 0.5 meters apart in an isometric triangle pattern, with three plants per hole, totaling 1,400 holes per acre. Another method uses 0.4-meter spacing with two plants per hole, resulting in 3,500 plantings per acre.
Planting depth is crucial—too deep or too shallow affects the growth cycle. Based on experience, a planting depth of 20 cm is considered ideal, allowing the plant to enter the productive phase within 1–2 years.
Third, field management.
"Three minutes, seven points"—this saying emphasizes the importance of careful field management. Proper care ensures early flowering, extends the picking period, and increases yield.
1. After the first spring thaw, perform the initial weeding and loosen the soil to promote growth. Continue weeding and loosening the soil periodically after watering and fertilizing to maintain good soil conditions.
2. Fertilization should be done scientifically. During the early growth stage, apply 15 kg of urea before the flower stems appear. When the buds reach 15–20 cm, use 30 kg of urea combined with irrigation. Once the buds are fully developed, apply 10 kg of urea per acre. In the mid-to-late harvest period, spray 500-fold potassium dihydrogen phosphate every other week to support new bud formation.
Apply wintering fertilizer by combining 3,500 kg of high-quality manure and 50 kg of superphosphate with deep plowing to prepare for the next season's productivity.
3. Watering is critical for Daylily. Maintain consistent soil moisture during the growing season. After emergence, water thoroughly. During the budding and harvesting stages, water every week. After the final bloom, keep the soil moist to extend leaf function and accumulate nutrients for the next year's yield.
4. Intercropping is beneficial in the first two years when the Daylily plants are small. Low-stalk crops like melons, beans, and potatoes can be grown between the rows to maximize land use.
5. At the end of the growing season, cut off all yellow leaves to remove dead foliage and reduce disease risk for the following year.
6. Common pests include caterpillars, aphids, and spider mites. Treat ground caterpillars with trichlorfon and sulforhond at the start of the growing season. In summer, use dimethoate and 20% amitraz to control locusts and spider mites. After harvest, spray mancozeb to prevent rust.
By following these practices, farmers can successfully cultivate Daylilies, ensuring high yields and quality, contributing to both economic and agricultural sustainability.