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Lobster culture technology
In recent years, the lobster market has experienced significant growth, with increasing demand and a rising trend that continues to gain momentum. Lobster farming has emerged as a promising opportunity for rural farmers to boost their income. The following details outline three key characteristics and feeding methods of lobsters that make them an attractive aquaculture option.
First, lobster farming requires low initial investment and offers fast reproduction. Lobsters spawn twice a year—once in spring and once in autumn. A single pair can produce up to 480 shrimp seedlings per batch. Early spring harvests typically consist of shrimp bred the previous autumn, while those born in spring only need about 50 days of culture before they are ready for sale. In the first year, breeders usually keep large, mature lobsters for breeding. During the fall, lobsters burrow into the ground to lay eggs, reducing the need to purchase additional seedlings the following year. Due to their tendency to dig, ponds should have at least a 5-meter-wide area with deep fencing buried 2 meters underground to prevent escape.
Second, lobsters have a strong appetite and thrive in environments rich in natural food sources. They prefer waters with aquatic plants like water peanuts and grasses. Ponds can be designed to mimic lake ecosystems by planting white peonies and water peanuts, providing shade in summer to slow premature growth and encourage better breeding. Lobsters also feed on plankton, which can be cultivated in the pond. Their diet includes grains like wheat and corn, and they grow rapidly after molting. To support this growth, fresh water should be regularly added to the pond.
Third, lobsters are sensitive to pollution but not to dirty water. However, they are highly vulnerable to pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and other harmful substances. Even small amounts of these chemicals can destroy an entire crop. To improve production efficiency, proper management is essential.
1. Feeding: After feeding lobsters for three days, it's recommended to introduce small fish, minced meat, or compound feed. Once the lobsters reach 6–7 cm in length, they can be fed chopped snails, coriander, and Vegetables . Feed them twice daily—once in the morning and once in the evening. Bait should be scattered around the pond, with daily amounts ranging from 15% to 20% of their body weight for shrimp and 5% to 10% for prawns. Adjust based on their consumption, ensuring no leftover bait remains.
2. Water Management: Lobsters grow quickly and consume a lot of oxygen. Maintain clean and fresh water by adding 15–20 cm of new water weekly. Keep the water transparency at 35 cm or higher. During extreme weather, adjust the water depth to stabilize temperature and protect the lobsters.
3. Oxygenation: When dissolved oxygen levels drop, or during storms or rainy weather, reduce feeding and monitor the lobsters closely. If they show signs of distress, such as floating near the shore or being unresponsive, immediately add fresh water or use an aerator to increase oxygen levels.
4. Regular Monitoring: Inspect the pond frequently, observing lobster behavior, feeding patterns, and molting cycles. Remove algae and weeds promptly, check inlet and outlet filters, and control diseases. Watch out for predators like rats, snakes, birds, and harmful fish. Eliminate them if found. Also, ensure the pond is free from harmful organisms like duckweed and algae.
By following these practices, lobster farming can become a profitable and sustainable venture for farmers looking to diversify their income.