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Fresh corn cultivation techniques in winter
There are two main types of fresh corn: sweet corn and waxy corn. Unlike traditional corn, which is harvested for its dried seeds, fresh corn is picked when the ears are still tender and juicy. This unique harvesting method means that the short growing period, along with the challenges of storage and transportation, significantly affects the quality, flavor, and overall eating experience of the corn. Fresh corn from suburban areas has successfully addressed these issues, offering a high level of freshness and taste, which makes it very popular among consumers. A typical fresh ear of corn can be sold for 3 to 4 yuan, making it an economically viable crop. It plays a key role in promoting multiple cropping systems in low-heat valley regions, supporting winter agriculture, and increasing farmers' income. Below are the main cultivation techniques:
1. **Site Selection**: The planting area should have an average annual temperature above 18°C, with January temperatures consistently above 7°C. It should be located in low-heat valleys with minimal frost, good irrigation facilities, and few or no frost events.
2. **Field Preparation**: Choose flat, fertile land with good drainage and irrigation. For every 667 square meters, apply 1,500 kg of well-rotted manure and 30 ounces of compound fertilizer, mixing them into the planting furrows as base fertilizer.
3. **Cultivation Techniques**
3.1 **Isolation Planting**: Select high-quality varieties and avoid planting other types of corn nearby. If other corn varieties are planted, they should be sown at least 30 days apart, and the physical distance should be at least 500 meters. Natural barriers like forests or buildings can reduce this distance slightly.
3.2 **Variety Selection**: Focus on early or medium-maturing varieties to ensure timely harvests.
3.3 **Sowing Time**: Sow between November and December, and harvest between March and April. Ensure the soil is loose, fine, and evenly prepared. The seed depth should be 2–3 cm, avoiding excessive coverage. Sweet and crisp corn seeds have weak soil emergence, so care must be taken. The planting density should be around 3,600–3,800 plants per 667 square meters. Use plastic mulch to warm the soil and aim for an early market launch.
3.4 **Pest Control**: Before planting, mix 3% green land insecticide with organic manure and spread it in the planting furrows to prevent underground pests.
3.5 **Field Management**: Winter fresh corn grows slowly due to lower temperatures after planting. Roots absorb less water, so fertilization should be light. As temperatures rise in the following year, growth accelerates, requiring more nutrients. Apply base fertilizer, early growth fertilizer, and stalk fertilizer, but avoid granular fertilizers. Use a combination of organic and chemical fertilizers, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc.
4. **Harvesting**: Fresh corn is harvested when the ears are fully mature. About 25 days after pollination, check the maturity by tearing the silk. Harvest promptly and sell the same day to maintain freshness.