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Broccoli lateral branch cultivation management
Broccoli lateral branches are commonly referred to as "small flowers" and "small claws" (homophones), which are small flower buds that develop from the lateral branches after the main head is harvested. When properly managed, these side branches can still generate significant economic returns. Here are some key management practices:
First, variety selection is crucial. Early- and mid-season varieties are best suited for producing high-quality lateral branches. One recommended variety is "Excellent Green Wind," known for its strong regrowth potential.
Second, planting density plays an important role. After harvesting the main head, proper spacing helps the lateral branches grow more effectively. It's advisable to plant densely during the initial stage, but not too close to avoid poor air circulation. If the plants are too dense, the lateral stems may become weak and spread out, affecting quality. A spacing of 55 cm between rows and 60 cm between plants is ideal, resulting in about 2100–2200 plants per acre.
Third, fertilizer and irrigation management is essential. Once the main head is harvested, the base and top dressing fertilizers have largely been used up. Additional nutrients should be provided to support the growth of the lateral branches. Typically, when 60–70% of the main heads are harvested, a top dressing of 10–15 kg of urea and 10 kg of compound fertilizer is applied. After the first batch of lateral branches is harvested, if the growth remains vigorous, another 10 kg of urea per mu can be applied to encourage a second harvest. This process can be repeated up to four or five times, yielding around 500 kg per mu. The soil should remain consistently moist throughout the growing season, but waterlogging must be avoided.
Fourth, pest and disease control is critical. Since broccoli is often exported, no pesticides can be used once the flower heads begin to form. In the later growth stages, diseases such as black rot, downy mildew, and Sclerotinia can occur. Black rot can be controlled with 80% mancozeb diluted at 600 times, downy mildew with 50% metalaxyl at 1500 times, and Sclerotinia with 50% thiophanate-methyl at 1000 times. Common insect pests include the diamondback moth, which can be controlled with 5% emamectin benzoate at 1200 times or 24% chlorfenapyr at 2500 times, and the cabbage white butterfly, which requires preventive measures against Plutella xylostella.