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Overwintering Cucumber Dressing Technology
Planting winter cucumbers has become a popular practice among farmers in Sunjiaji Street Office, Shouguang City, and it is one of the key methods for local vegetable growers to boost their income. The author has compiled some expert recommendations on how to properly manage the overwintering of cucumber crops.
**Fertilization Management**
The period of overwintering and harvesting can last 4 to 5 months, which means a significant amount of fertilizer is needed. However, excessive topdressing should be avoided. This is because pumpkin roots have a stronger absorption capacity compared to cucumber roots, and they can take up a wider range of nutrients. Therefore, while more fertilizer may be necessary, too much can lead to excessive vine growth. During most of the winter, the growth of cucumbers is limited, and watering is usually not done. If the topdressing is too heavy, it can cause high soil salinity, which is harmful to the plants.
For overwintering cucumbers, fertilization should follow these guidelines: After the first harvest, apply ammonium sulfate at 15–20 kg per mu. During the low-temperature period, fertilize every 15 days with 10–15 kg of ammonium sulfate. In winter, foliar spraying should be done carefully—too frequent applications can damage the leaves. As spring approaches and the fruiting period begins, the interval between dressings should be shortened, and the amount of fertilizer increased, with urea applied at 15–20 kg per time. Once the peak fruiting period ends and the plants start to age, both fertilization and irrigation should be reduced to encourage nutrient return to the roots, helping restore the root system and extend the fruiting period.
**Air Management**
After planting, the greenhouse should be closed to maintain humidity and raise the temperature, aiding seedling establishment. Once the seedlings are acclimated, ventilation should be adjusted based on temperature needs and gas exchange. However, as temperatures drop, air exchange decreases. To remove excess moisture, harmful gases, and regulate temperature, controlled ventilation is still necessary. But during cold spells, direct exposure to cold wind can harm or even freeze the plants. Therefore, during winter, only the upper vents are opened. It's important to monitor the indoor temperature frequently during ventilation to avoid excessively low temperatures.
As spring progresses and temperatures rise, more harmful gases accumulate indoors. To manage this, ventilation should gradually increase. Spring ventilation must also consider the risk of downy mildew. Ventilation should be done from the top of the greenhouse (not less than 1.7 meters high) to prevent wind from directly hitting the plants. Any damaged areas on the plastic film should be repaired immediately, and vents should be closed promptly if it rains to prevent spores from entering. Additionally, temperatures above 32°C can inhibit the germination of downy mildew spores, which is an important factor when ventilating. When the outdoor night temperature stabilizes between 14–16°C, nighttime ventilation can be considered, but rain should be avoided. Once the plastic film is removed, the growing season in the solar greenhouse comes to an end.