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Breeding techniques for fine boars
With the growing interest among farmers in raising high-quality boars, there is a rising demand for proper breeding techniques and management practices. Unlike traditional boars, superior boars require more attention to health, nutrition, and breeding conditions.
When selecting a boar, it's important to choose one around 4 months old. A healthy boar should have bright eyes, smooth and shiny skin, a uniform coat color, strong body structure, well-developed forequarters, full hind legs, and sturdy hooves. The testicles should be of appropriate size, and the boar should display clear male characteristics. Popular breeds suitable for rural farming include Duroc, Yorkshire, Landrace, and Pietrain crossbreeds.
Before purchasing, ensure that the boar comes with essential documents such as the "Breeding Certificate," "Quarantine Certificate," "Boar Appearance Certificate," and pedigree information. It’s also crucial to understand the boar’s health history and vaccination status. To reduce stress during transport, it's advisable to ask the seller for a specific feed formula for boars.
In terms of feeding and management, boars should maintain a balanced body condition—not too fat or too thin. Their diet should be rich in nutrients to support their overall health, energy levels, and reproductive performance. A good feed mix should contain 14–15% crude protein, around 3000 kcal of digestible energy per kg, along with sufficient calcium, phosphorus, salt, zinc, and vitamins A, D, and E.
Farmers must avoid using low-quality ingredients like cottonseed meal or high-fluoride calcium hydrogen phosphate. Feed should always be fresh and free from spoilage. It's best to avoid using fattening pig concentrates, as they can negatively affect the boar’s reproductive organs. With the availability of premixed feeds, farmers can opt for 4% boar-specific premixes. Green materials such as summer leeks, sweet potato vines, chicory, grain pods, ryegrass, and cabbage are ideal for supplementing the diet.
Feeding methods should prevent overeating, especially during non-breeding periods. Providing about 2 kg of quality concentrate and 3 kg of green feed daily is recommended. During breeding seasons, increase concentrate intake while reducing green material and avoiding thin soups.
Regular exercise is essential for maintaining physical fitness and improving semen quality. Farmers should allow boars to move freely, especially in the early morning or late afternoon. Care should be taken to avoid slips or injuries during movement, and boars should not be allowed to eat dead animals or recently sprayed vegetables.
Boars should not be kept in the same area as sows, as the scent and sounds may cause abnormal behavior. When breeding, direct mating is common, but for young boars, it’s best to start at 7–8 months old. First-time breeders should limit mating frequency to no more than four times a week. On breeding days, feeding two boiled eggs can help meet the boar’s nutritional needs.
For sows of different sizes, artificial breeding techniques may be used. Smaller sows can be bred using a breeding stand or by manually lifting the boar’s front legs. Larger sows can take advantage of natural positioning or human assistance to guide the boar. Manual insertion of the penis into the sow’s vagina is also necessary during mating.
Common issues such as hematuria (blood in urine) require immediate attention. Stop breeding, administer anti-inflammatory drugs or VK3, and keep the genital area clean. Low libido can be addressed with methyltestosterone injections, while repeated failure to mate may indicate illness or poor nutrition. Checking the boar’s semen quality is an effective diagnostic step.
Healthcare is crucial. Regular vaccinations against swine fever, streptococcus, and porcine circovirus should be done based on local disease prevalence. Japanese encephalitis and parvovirus vaccines should be given before mosquito season and before breeding, respectively. Ivermectin should be administered annually to control internal parasites. Maintaining a clean, comfortable environment helps prevent diseases and improves overall well-being.
Laohekou City, Hubei Province, Yongfeng Farm