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Soybean scientific fertilization method
To address the issues of low organic fertilizer application, lack of rhizobia inoculation, and insufficient attention to essential trace elements like calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, and molybdenum in soybean cultivation, a scientifically balanced fertilization approach was implemented. This included the use of organic manure combined with rhizobia inoculation to enhance nitrogen fixation. Soil testing was conducted to identify deficiencies, and targeted trace element fertilizers were applied accordingly. Before transplanting, 100% of organic and phosphate fertilizers were mixed with 50% of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers as a base. Additional fertilizers were applied during soil preparation to improve overall fertility.
At the seedling stage, 30% of the nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were applied as a top dressing. During flowering, another 20% of nitrogen and potassium was added, using a method where small trenches 15–20 cm deep were dug between rows, and the fertilizer was placed into the trenches before covering with soil.
The recommended organic fertilizer rate is 2000 kg per mu. For nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, the application rates vary based on yield levels: for yields below 150 kg per mu, apply 8 kg nitrogen, 4 kg phosphate, and 5 kg potassium; for yields between 150–200 kg, apply 7 kg nitrogen, 3.5 kg phosphate, and 4.5 kg potassium; and for yields above 200 kg, apply 6 kg nitrogen, 3 kg phosphate, and 4 kg potassium.
In addition, rhizobia seed coating was used before sowing to promote natural nitrogen fixation. Calcium fertilizer was applied at a rate of 50–100 kg per mu. For soils deficient in boron or molybdenum, foliar sprays of 0.1% borax and ammonium molybdate were applied during the seedling and early flowering stages to ensure adequate nutrient uptake and optimize plant growth.