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Money Turtle Culture Technology
**Money Turtle Culture Technology**
The money turtle holds significant economic value, and after years of research and practice, a solid theoretical and practical foundation has been established in its breeding. Although this industry is relatively new, it has already achieved remarkable results, providing reliable support for professional turtle farming. With technical assistance, China's turtle conservation efforts are expected to reach a new level.
**First, the Design of Turtle Pools**
In nature, the weather is unpredictable, but turtles have shown an amazing ability to adapt to various conditions. In the wild, they enjoy freedom of movement, access to natural food sources, and a wide space to live, which helps them remain healthy and disease-free. To replicate these natural conditions, turtle pools must be well-ventilated and designed to mimic the environment as closely as possible.
Many turtles struggle to lay eggs if they don't find the right spot. We observed that when there's no rain, the eggs become soft and unviable. Similarly, without proper sunlight, hatching success is low. Therefore, creating an environment that mimics natural conditions is crucial.
The current best design for turtle pools includes a length of 5 meters, a width of 3.5 meters, and a square shape. The walls are 50 cm high, built with bricks to prevent turtles from escaping. The floor and walls are tiled with cement tiles to ensure water resistance and protect the turtles' shells from damage.
The pool is divided into three sections. One-third is a water area, sloped near the land to allow turtles to easily climb out. Drain holes are placed at the end of the water section for cleaning. Two-thirds of the area is a dry zone, known as a "sinking basin," where turtles can move around freely.
At the other end of the dry area, a third of the pool is filled with 30 cm of fine sand and soft soil to create a nesting area for female turtles. Proper humidity is essential to help them dig and lay eggs. Money turtles prefer a natural, quiet environment, avoiding direct sunlight and excessive noise. Sheds should be installed over the pools to provide shade while allowing airflow and natural light. Water should be changed regularly, and the source should be clean. Planting trees and flowers around the pond enhances the natural setting and maintains a peaceful atmosphere.
Regular disinfection is necessary, and the number of people entering the area should be minimized to avoid stress and contamination.
**Second, Breeding Density**
For standard turtle ponds (5 x 3.5 meters), it is recommended to keep 3–6 adult turtles per square meter. This allows for about 50–100 money turtles to be raised, depending on their size.
**Third, Feeding Turtles**
Under cultured conditions, turtles are fed fresh foods such as clams, minced meat, small fish, shrimp, and beef. Vegetables are also used as supplementary feed. A mix of animal and plant-based feeds in a ratio of 3:1 or 4:1 is ideal. Feed once daily.
Money turtles do not chew their food; instead, they swallow it whole. Therefore, food should be made into pellets. For every 500g of adult turtles, about 15g of food is needed per day. During warmer months, feeding can be increased, but in November, as temperatures drop, turtles enter hibernation and may stop eating.
It is important to remove uneaten food daily to prevent water pollution and maintain the health of the turtles.
**Closed-Shell Turtle Breeding Status and Issues to Be Aware Of**
Turtles are a unique group of reptiles, and shell turtles are one of their branches. There are seven species of shell turtles globally, all found in East and Southeast Asia. These are considered “Asian specialties.†Only one species, the Anbu shell turtle, is found outside of China, while five others—such as the gold-headed, Pan’s, Zhou’s, Yunnan, and Bose shell turtles—are exclusive to China and are often referred to as “Chinese treasures.â€
For example, the gold-headed shell turtle was discovered in 1988. Due to its golden color and limited distribution, it has become highly sought after by collectors, especially in Japan and the U.S., leading to a sharp increase in prices and a surge in artificial breeding. However, only a few farms in China breed them, with only around 100 individuals produced annually.
Current challenges include the limited number of species, the scarcity of males, and the lack of mature breeding techniques. While China has a long history of turtle breeding, starting as early as the Shang Dynasty, modern large-scale breeding began in the late 1970s. Initially, only common species like the yellow-throated turtle were bred.
Breeding rare and closed-shell turtles is currently a hot topic, but many species still lack established breeding methods. There is little experience to draw from, making it a challenging but promising field.
**1. Selecting the Right Species**
There are seven species of shell turtles worldwide. From a conservation perspective, breeding any of them is valuable. However, from an economic standpoint, the choice of species directly affects farmers’ profits. Based on market trends in 2002, the gold-headed shell turtle was the most popular, followed by the three-lined shell turtle. Both offer high returns. The Pan’s shell turtle, though less expensive, has a larger market. Many farmers also choose the three-lined species due to its fast growth and potential for profit through warming techniques.
**2. Accurate Species Identification**
Correct identification is essential for successful breeding and ensuring profitability. Unfortunately, some sellers take advantage of farmers’ lack of knowledge, misrepresenting common turtles like the yellow-edge box turtle as rare ones such as the gold-headed or three-lined species. This deception is common and can lead to financial loss.
**3. Feeding Methods**
The method of raising shell turtles during winter varies. Some farmers use warming techniques to speed up growth and achieve faster profits. This approach is particularly effective for raising seedlings.