Thickener is a kind of biological gel that integrates thickening, suspension, emulsification, and stability. Thickener can improve the viscosity of the material system, keep the system in a uniform and stable suspension or emulsion state, or form gel. Most thickeners also have have the function of emulsification. It can be divided into two categories: natural and synthetic.
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Key points for the new ecologically efficient breeding of shrimp ponds
Shrimp farming, especially of species like Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Penaeus vannamei, has gained popularity due to its relatively lower investment in seedlings, stable purchase prices, and reduced breeding risks. As the scale of shrimp farming continues to grow and intensify, a significant challenge has emerged: the issue of early sexual maturity in green prawns. This phenomenon leads to slower growth, smaller marketable sizes, and ultimately lower economic returns for farmers.
Early maturing shrimp tend to divert energy toward gonadal development rather than body growth, resulting in undersized shrimps that are less valuable in the market. Additionally, the presence of juvenile shrimp in ponds increases density, leading to competition for food, oxygen, and space between brooders and other aquatic species. This results in poor growth rates and reduced commercial value, which negatively impacts aquaculture productivity.
To address these challenges and improve both yield and profitability, it is essential to explore new breeding models and techniques. Based on practical experience and field observations, this article outlines key strategies for enhancing the ecological efficiency of shrimp pond farming.
**First, create a favorable pond environment**
1. The water must be clean, fresh, and rich in dissolved oxygen (above 5 mg/L), with a pH between 7.5 and 8.0.
2. Pond size should range from 2 to 5 mu, with a depth of 1.2 to 1.8 meters. A flat bottom and a slope of 1:2 to 2.5 are ideal. Each pond should have at least one aerator (1-1.5 kW).
3. Before stocking, disinfect the pond using lime (75–100 kg/mu) to eliminate pathogens.
4. After disinfection, add 50–60 cm of water and apply 150–200 kg/mu of fermented organic fertilizer to promote natural food organisms.
5. Plant aquatic vegetation such as phytoplankton and some grasses, spaced 1–2 meters apart. These plants provide shelter, increase oxygen levels, and help maintain water quality. In addition, placing tea twigs or bamboo shoots in shallow areas can enhance habitat diversity and improve shrimp growth.
**Second, select high-quality seedlings and manage stocking properly**
1. Purchase shrimp from reliable sources to avoid inbreeding issues. Stocking density should be controlled within 800,000 to 1 million per mu.
2. Delay the stocking period to reduce premature maturation. Postponing stocking until mid-July can help control early reproduction.
3. Adjust stocking density based on farming methods. For example, freshwater shrimp should be stocked at 60,000–80,000 per mu when they are 1.5–2.0 cm long. Regularly cull small shrimp to reduce overcrowding and promote faster growth.
**Third, feed with high-quality feed**
Feed should be nutritious, fresh, and palatable. Larvae require feed with 35–40% crude protein, while adult shrimp need feed with 30–32% protein. Follow the "Four Sets" feeding principle, adjusting quantities based on weather, water temperature, and feeding conditions.
**Fourth, maintain good water quality**
Green shrimp are sensitive to low oxygen levels. Ensure continuous aeration, especially during hot or rainy days. Regularly add fresh water or use microbial preparations to maintain a balanced ecosystem. Lime applications and proper top-dressing also help regulate pH and nutrient levels.
**Fifth, implement disease prevention measures**
Adhere to a "prevention first" approach. Disinfect ponds regularly using quicklime, dibromohydantoin, or quaternary ammonium salts. Monitor for common diseases such as black leg, red body, and soft shell, and treat them promptly.
By adopting these advanced practices, shrimp farmers can significantly improve production efficiency, product quality, and overall profitability. With careful planning and implementation, sustainable and high-yield shrimp farming is not only achievable but also increasingly profitable in today’s market.