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The main points of feeding and management techniques for the waterfowl during the lactation period
From the first litter of the mother's family to the third or fourth litter during lactation (late April to late June), the primary focus for farmers is to ensure the survival of the young and support their healthy growth. Achieving this requires attention to both the mother’s milk production capacity and the quality of artificial feeding practices. Drawing from advanced techniques across different regions, the following summarizes key feeding and management strategies during the lactation period.
**1. Feeding During Lactation**
**1.1 Nutritional Requirements**
The diet during lactation should remain similar to that during pregnancy, with minimal changes to animal feed. To enhance milk production, it's important to increase the protein content of feeds like milk and eggs, and add a moderate amount of fat. High-quality animal-based ingredients such as fish, meat, liver, eggs, and milk should make up over 80% of the ration. Additionally, daily supplements should include 1–1.5g of cod liver oil, 5–8g of yeast, 1g of bone meal, 0.7g of salt, and 20–30mg of vitamin C. The total daily intake should be at least 300g, with a protein content of 30–40g.
**1.2 Feeding Schedule**
It is best to feed the mother quail three times a day. The feed should be in small, soft pellets so she can easily consume them. The amount of feed should be adjusted based on the number of offspring and the mother’s condition—no equal treatment for all. Clean water must always be available, especially for mothers producing large amounts of milk.
**1.3 Introduction of Solid Food**
By the third week, the mother’s milk may no longer meet the growing needs of the young. At this stage, solid food can be introduced gradually. From the third week onward, feed small amounts of fish, meat, liver, egg yolk, a little cod liver oil, and yeast. Avoid overfeeding initially to prevent false mastitis caused by the young refusing to nurse. As the pups grow, the quantity of solid food can be increased accordingly.
**2. Management and Technical Points During Lactation**
**2.1 Improving Survival Rates**
Newborn Aberdeen have specific developmental stages. They weigh between 8–12g, are 6–8cm long, have closed eyes, and lack teeth. Their fur is sparse and grayish-red, with thick, wrinkled skin on the neck. By day five, their coat darkens slightly, and their claws become harder. At 10 days old, their fur grows to about 2mm, and their ears begin to show. By 15 days, their fur reaches 4mm, and their nose develops black spots. At 20 days, their claws are sharp, and their genital area becomes visible. By 30 days, they start eating solid food and develop more teeth. By 40 days, their fur starts to grow clearly, and their lower incisors appear.
Given the rapid development of the young, proper nutrition is essential. Their ability to regulate body temperature and adapt to the environment is still weak, making them vulnerable. Mortality rates during lactation typically range from 10% to 20%, with over 70% of deaths occurring within the first five days. Therefore, careful and consistent care is crucial for improving survival rates and overall reproduction success.