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Talking about apple trees
Apple thinning and fruit thinning are essential cultivation practices that significantly contribute to improving apple quality and enhancing production efficiency. These techniques help reduce fruit loss, maintain balanced tree growth, and ensure stable yields over time, which is crucial for long-term orchard management. By managing the number of fruits on the tree, growers can improve fruit size, color, and overall quality.
After the formation of flower buds, most apple varieties begin to bloom when the average daily temperature in spring reaches 15°C. In major apple-producing regions like Sichuan and Gansu, flowering typically occurs in mid to late April. The timing of flowering varies slightly between different apple varieties, but the order in which they bloom remains relatively consistent due to genetic factors. Environmental conditions also play a significant role—higher humidity tends to prolong the flowering period, while dry, hot weather shortens it. A longer flowering period can lead to more natural fruit drop, so early thinning helps manage this by reducing competition for nutrients and minimizing physiological fruit drop later on.
It's important to initiate thinning at an early stage. Techniques such as girdling or spraying B9 (a plant growth regulator) can increase flower numbers, but if not managed properly, this may lead to overloading the tree, resulting in smaller fruits and inconsistent annual yields. Therefore, it's best to perform flower thinning before the flowers fully open.
Artificial thinning should be done as early as possible, ideally during the inflorescence differentiation stage or when the flower buds start to turn red. The earlier you thin, the better, as it reduces the tree’s nutrient consumption and supports healthier fruit development. For trees with high fruit set rates, weak branches and flowers should be removed, along with entire clusters on weaker parts of the tree. When the fruit set rate reaches 75–80%, only 20–25% of the inflorescences should be retained, with all extra ones completely removed. During flowering, each cluster should keep just one central flower, along with some buds. In the Bohai Bay region, this technique is especially useful for weak trees or overly vigorous ones with too many blooms.
For large orchards where flower density is very high, applying a 1–1.5 degree lime sulfur solution after 1–3 days can help control flower numbers. If pollination conditions are favorable, thinning can be delayed by one or two days, allowing for the removal of about 60% of the flowers, followed by manual fruit thinning to achieve the desired balance.
The effectiveness of thinning depends on both the timing and intensity of the operation. The earlier and more aggressive the thinning, the better the results in terms of flower bud formation and fruit quality. Ultimately, successful thinning relies on how seriously the process is carried out. Proper execution ensures the tree can focus its energy on producing high-quality apples rather than struggling with excessive fruit load.