Feed additive enzymes Simple classification of feed enzymes:
1.endogenous enzymes, refers to the animal body can secrete digestive enzymes, the main function is to digest the nutrients in the feed used to improve the digestibility of feed; The digestive system of young animals is not perfect, and the digestive enzymes secreted by the body are insufficient. In particular, a large amount of endogenous enzymes should be added to the feed based on plant raw materials to solve the digestive problems. Endogenous enzymes generally refer to protease, amylase, lipase and so on.
2. Exogenous enzymes refer to the enzyme preparations that animals cannot secrete autonomously and must be added. The main function is to degrade the anti-nutrient factors of plant raw materials, non-starch polysaccharides that hinder the release of nutrients and react with the contact of endogenous enzymes, such as cell walls, and non-starch polysaccharides that bring negative effects; Common are phytase, xylanase, glucanase, cellulase, mannanase, galactosidase, etc.
3.functional enzymes, mainly use its catalytic function to achieve the processes and products we need, such as glucose oxidase, a brief overview is the catalytic process with glucose to consume oxygen, produce gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide, Reduce the PH value of the gut, and use its strong oxidation to alleviate mycotoxin poisoning and protect the health of the digestive system, improve immunity and other functions; In addition, there are catalase, lysozyme and other related products, the specific function is not this unnecessary
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Huayu 25 Peanut-covered High-yield Cultivation Techniques
**Huayu 25 Peanut High-Yield Cultivation Techniques**
*Source: Seed World*
Zhang Qiu and Zhao Guoxia (Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Lianshan District, Huludao City, Liaoning Province)
Huayu 25 is a large-seeded common variety with a growth period of about 148 days. It is classified as a late-maturing variety, characterized by its yellow inflorescence, overlapping flowers, and a plant height of approximately 52 cm. The plant has 9–10 branches, short lateral branches, and a small opening angle. It grows upright, is compact, and produces uniform pods. The pod length averages 3.7 cm, with a weight of 206.3 g per plant. The number of pods per kilogram is around 485. In film-mulched cultivation, there were 16 single-cultivated plants, with 10.8 pairs of diploid plants, accounting for 65.8% of the total. The shriveled pods accounted for 0.44%, or 2.68% of the total. Each plant had an effective weight of 32.99 g. The shells are thin, the cavities are small, and the out-of-rice rate reaches up to 76.48%. The grains are large, full, pink, and without wrinkles. The 100-grain weight is 95.17 g. The yield is 7,974 kg/hm² for pods and 6,055 kg/hm² for kernels. This variety shows strong resistance to wind, drought, lodging, and leaf diseases.
**1. Site Selection**
Choose areas with good water supply, flat terrain, deep soil, and loam or sandy loam land. Avoid fields that have been previously planted with peanuts. The best previous crop is corn, sorghum, or millet.
**2. Field Preparation and Furrow Making**
Prepare the soil in spring. Make furrows 55–60 cm wide and 10–15 cm high. Dig a central ditch 10–15 cm deep for base fertilizer. Apply compound fertilizer at 375 kg/hm². Then seed on both sides of the furrow, 30–40 cm apart.
**3. Determine the Appropriate Sowing Time**
The growth period of this variety is 145–148 days. It can be sown early when the temperature stabilizes above 15°C. In the Huludao area, the best time is between May 1st and May 5th, with the latest planting date being May 10th.
**4. Ensure Seeding Rate and Quality**
**4.1 Seed Reserve**
To achieve high yields, ensure at least 270,000 plants per hectare, with a maximum of 2.85 million. The number of plants per hectare should not exceed 30, and the minimum grain requirement is 360 kg/hm².
**4.2 Seed Selection**
Select only healthy, large seeds. Remove any yellow, germinated, damaged, or peeled seeds. Separate large and small seeds, and prefer uniform ones.
**4.3 Pre-Sowing Treatment**
Before sowing, treat seeds with pesticides for disease prevention. Use carbendazim and ammonium molybdate, mix with water, and inoculate the seeds. Store them in a cool place. Mix 50% phoxim (1125 mL/hm²) with water and grind it with 60 kg/hm² of corn sticks to create poisoned soil. Apply it in the furrows first.
**4.4 Sowing Seeds**
Depending on soil moisture, decide whether to water before sowing. Dig furrows 3–5 cm deep, plant two seeds per hole, with 14 cm spacing between holes and 30–40 cm between rows. Cover with 2–3 cm of soil, then spray a special herbicide for peanuts. Avoid using herbicides that target grasses; common options include acetochlor and chloriminate. Ensure the plastic film is of good quality and press it tightly, spaced 3–5 meters apart.
**5. Ventilate Seedlings and Promote Growth**
After the seedlings emerge, gradually remove the plastic film. First, release the small leaves, then the larger ones, and finally fully remove the film. During hardening off, avoid removing the film all at once. Do not completely remove the film until the first pair of side branches appear. Cover the film again to prevent wind from lifting it.
**6. Pest Control**
Peanut aphids, red spiders, and cotton bollworms are common pests. Aphids are the most serious. Early detection and prompt treatment are essential for effective control.
**7. Top-Dressing and Irrigation**
During flowering, early fruiting, and full fruit stages, irrigate if there is drought. From the fruit ripening stage, apply foliar fertilizer every 7 days for three consecutive times. Foliar sprays help increase photosynthesis, improve grain filling, enhance grain weight, and reduce yield loss.
**8. Timely Harvesting**
Harvest when the lower leaves turn yellow and the inner walls of the pods turn brown. Alternatively, consider the variety’s growth duration or weather changes to make a comprehensive decision.