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Duck Pond High-yielding Technology
Duck ponds can yield 180 to 200 kg of fish per 667 square meters (1 mu) without the need for additional feed or fertilizer. This sustainable method combines aquaculture with duck farming, creating a balanced ecosystem that benefits both species.
First, selecting the right water surface is crucial. Ponds with a surface area of at least 1333 square meters (2 mu), with a depth of over 1 meter, and aged fish ponds are ideal for this system. For sandy or loose soils, or newly dug ponds, it's important to build slope protection to prevent erosion. Shallow ponds (less than 1 meter deep) are not suitable because ducks can stir up the mud, leading to fish suffocation and potential drowning.
Next, feeding methods vary. The first approach is grazing, where ducks are released onto the pond surface and returned to their shed in the evening. This method is efficient for large-scale fish farming and helps reduce duck feed costs, though its impact on fish production may be limited. The second method involves raising ducks outside the pond, with a nearby shed, an activity area, and a small pool. Duck waste and leftover feed from the area are washed into the pond, making management easier. The third and most effective method is polyculture—building a duck shed on the pond’s dike and using part of the pond as an activity area. This setup maximizes the ecological benefits of fish and duck symbiosis, a widely practiced technique globally.
For stocking, it's recommended to raise about 100 ducks per 667 square meters of water. If using grazing, this number can increase to over 200. It's best to stock filter-feeding or omnivorous fish like tilapia, mussels, or squid, while avoiding grass carp, silver carp, or herring. Fish density should not exceed 250 per 667 square meters, as higher numbers can lead to reduced fish yields. Each duck contributes around 40–50 kg of fish annually, providing 4–5 tons of organic fertilizer per 667 square meters. This enhances plankton growth, supporting the food chain for aquatic life. For eel and squid, it's common to have 50–75 kg of fish per 667 square meters, with about 1,000–1,500 fish.
Finally, proper management is essential. Using old nets or screens to create a duck enclosure within the pond allows for better control. Keep 2–4 ducks per square meter of water, with mesh height set at 40–50 cm above the water. This ensures fish can move freely while minimizing losses from small fish predation. Ducks are released in the morning, and after laying eggs, droppings are collected and added to the pond. Water quality and oxygen levels must be monitored, especially in summer when duck waste increases, causing the water to become too rich. Regular water changes and reduced fertilization help maintain a healthy environment.